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engineering
materials science engineering

Questions and Answers of Materials Science Engineering

Design a cubic mixed-ferrite magnetic material that has a saturation magnetization of 4.6 ( 105 A/m.
Visible light having a wavelength of 6 ( 10-7 m appears orange. Compute the frequency and energy of a photon of this light.
Distinguish between materials that are opaque, translucent, and transparent in terms of their appearance and light transmittance.
(a) Briefly describe the phenomenon of electronic polarization by electromagnetic radiation.(b) What are two consequences of electronic polarization in transparent materials?
Briefly explain why metals are opaque to electromagnetic radiation having photon energies within the visible region of the spectrum.
Can a material have an index of refraction less than unity? Why or why not?
Compute the velocity of light in calcium fluoride (CaF2), which has a dielectric constant ∈r of 2.056 (at frequencies within the visible range) and a magnetic susceptibility of -1.43 x 10-5.
The indices of refraction of fused silica and a soda???lime glass within the visible spectrum are 1.458 and 1.51, respectively. For each of these materials determine the fraction of the relative
Using the data in Table 21.1, estimate the dielectric constants for borosilicate glass, periclase (MgO), poly(methyl methacrylate), and polypropylene, and compare these values with those cited in the
Briefly describe the phenomenon of dispersion in a transparent medium.
It is desired that the reflectivity of light at normal incidence to the surface of a transparent medium be less than 6.0%. Which of the following materials in Table 21.1 are likely candidates: silica
Briefly explain how reflection losses of transparent materials are minimized by thin surface coatings.
The index of refraction of corundum (Al2O3) is anisotropic. Suppose that visible light is passing from one grain to another of different crystallographic orientation and at normal incidence to the
Zinc telluride has a band gap of 2.26 eV. Over what range of wavelengths of visible light is it transparent?
Briefly explain why the magnitude of the absorption coefficient (? in Equation 21.18) depends on the radiation wavelength.
The fraction of nonreflected radiation that is transmitted through a 10-mm thickness of a transparent material is 0.90. If the thickness is increased to 20 mm, what fraction of light will be
Derive Equation 21.19, starting from other expressions given in thechapter.
The transmissivity T of a transparent material 20 mm thick to normally incident light is 0.85. If the index of refraction of this material is 1.6, compute the thickness of material that will yield a
Briefly explain what determines the characteristic color of(a) A metal(b) A transparent nonmetal.
Briefly explain why some transparent materials appear colored while others are colorless.
Briefly explain why amorphous polymers are transparent, while predominantly crystalline polymers appear opaque or, at best, translucent.
(a) In your own words describe briefly the phenomenon of luminescence.(b) What is the distinction between fluorescence and phosphorescence?
Briefly explain the operation of a photographic lightmeter.
Compute the difference in energy between metastable and ground electron states for the ruby laser.
At the end of Section 21.14 it was noted that the intensity of light absorbed while passing through a 16-kilometer length of optical fiber glass is equivalent to the light intensity absorbed through
Gallium arsenide (GaAs) and gallium phosphide (GaP) are compound semiconductors that have room-temperature band gap energies of 1.42 and 2.25 eV, respectively, and form solid solutions in all
What role does manufacturing play relative to the standard of living of a country?
How is a railroad station like a job station?
Since no work is being done on a part when it is in storage, it does not cost you anything. True or false? Explain!
Which manufacturing system best describes your college or university? Analogize the elements in this service system to those in the manufacturing system.
It is acknowledged that chip-type machining is basically an inefficient process. Yet, it is probably used more than any other to produce desired shapes. Why?
In Figure 1-1, what mathematical equation would you use to model the data?
In a modern safety razor with two or three blades that sells for $1.00, what do you think the cost of the blades might be?
Assembly is defined as "the putting together of all the different parts to make a complete machine." Think of (and describe) an assembly process. Is making a club sandwich an assembly process? What
What are the physical elements in a manufacturing system?
Are not all goods really consumer goods, depending on how you define the customer? Discuss.
In the production system, who usually figures out how to make the product?
In Figure 1-6, which of the physical elements are missing from this schematic? Compare to Figure 1-8.
Characterize the process of squeezing toothpaste from a tube (extrusion of toothpaste) using Table 1-4 as a guideline. See Chapters 17 and 18 for assistance.
What are the major process steps in the assembly of an automobile?
What difficulties might result if the step "production planning and scheduling" were omitted from the procedure shown in Figure 1-16, assuming a job-shop MS?
A company is considering making automobile bumpers from aluminum instead of from steel. List some of the factors it would have to consider in arriving at its decision. Many companies are critically
It has been said that low-cost products are more likely to be more carefully designed than high-priced items. Do you think this is true? Why or why not?
In a typical metal-cutting job using a lathe, which operations add no value to the part? Propietary processes are closely held or guarded company secrets. The chemical makeup of a lubricant for an
If the rolls for the cold-rolling mill that produce the sheet metal used in your car cost $300,000 (see Figure 1-12), how is it that your car can still cost less than $10,000?
Make a list of service production systems, giving an example of each and then explaining the fundamental difference between a SPS and an MPS. Table 1-3 will help you get started.
Give examples of a job shop, flow shop, and project shop.
In the process of buying a calf, raising it to a cow, and disassembling it into "cuts" of meat for sale, where is "the value added"?
What kind of process is hot ISO static pressing?
In view of Figure 1-2, who really determines the selling price per unit?
What costs make up manufacturing cost (sometimes called factory cost)?
Look at Figures 1-10 and 1-14 and see if you can determine the machining process used to make the pinion.
What phases are included in life-cycle costing not shown in Figure 1-15?
How many different manufacturing systems might be used if you had a component with an annual projected sales of 16,000 parts per year with 10 to 12 different models (varieties)?
How does a system differ from a process? From a machine tool? From a job? From an operation?
Is a cutting tool the same thing as a machine tool?
Why would it be advantageous if casting could be used to produce a complex-shaped part to be made from a hard-to-machine metal?
In making a gold medal, what do we mean by "relief image" cut into the die?
The Toyota Truck plant in Indiana produces 150,000 trucks per year. The plant runs one 8-hour shift, 300 days per year, and makes 500 trucks per day. About 1300 people work on the final assembly
Suppose you wanted to redesign a stapler to have fewer components. (You should be able to find a stapler at a local discount store.) How much did it cost? How many parts does it have? Make up a "new
Is a brittle material a weak material?
What is the toughness of a material?
What is the difference between true stress and engineering stress? True strain and engineering strain?
What is strain hardening or work hardening? How might this phenomenon be measured or reported? How might it be used in manufacturing?
What are some of the different material characteristics or responses that have been associated with the term hardness?
Describe how one would conduct a Brinell hardness test.
How should one report the results of a Rockwell hardness test?
When might a microhardness test be preferred over the stan¬dard Brinell, Rockwell, or Vickers tests?
Describe the reason why the various types of hardness tests often fail to agree with one another.
What is the relationship between penetration hardness and the ultimate tensile strength for steel?
What are some of the more common nonmetallic engineering materials?
Why is compression testing considered to be more difficult than tensile testing?
Describe several types of dynamic loading.
What are the two most common types of bending impact tests? How are the specimens supported and loaded during impact?
Why should extreme caution be used when applying impact test data?
What is the relationship between the fatigue strength of a metal and its yield strength as determined in a standard tensile test?
Fatigue strength and endurance limit are two terms that are derived from S-N diagrams. Define these terms and describe how they are determined from a diagram.
What are some of the additional factors that can alter the fatigue lifetime or fatigue behavior of a material?
What material, design, or manufacturing features may contribute to the initiation of a fatigue crack?
What are fatigue striations and why do they form?
What are some of the important physical properties of materials?
Why is it important for a designer or engineer to know a material's properties at all possible temperatures of operation?
Why should one use caution when using a steel at low (below zero Fahrenheit) temperatures?
What are some ways to evaluate the long-term effect of elevated temperature on an engineering material?
How is a stress-rupture diagram developed?
Why are terms such as machinability, formability, and weld-ability considered to be poorly defined and therefore quite nebulous?
What is the basic premise of the fracture mechanics approach to testing and design?
What three principal quantities does fracture mechanics attempt to relate?
What are the units of fracture toughness in the English and SI systems?
What are the three most common thermal properties of a material, and what do they measure?
Describe an engineering application where the density of the selected material would be an important material consideration.
What are the standard units used to report stress and strain in the English system? In the metric or SI system?
Why might Young's modulus or stiffness be an important material property?
What are some of the tensile test properties that are used to describe or define the elastic-to-plastic transition in a material?
What are two tensile test properties that can be used to describe the ductility of a material?
Why might the uniform elongation or percent elongation prior to necking be a more meaningful measure of useful ductility?
Select a product or component for which physical properties are more important than mechanical properties. a. Describe the product or component and its function. b. What are the most important
Repeat Problem 1 for a product or component whose dominant required properties are of a static mechanical nature. Repeat Problem 1. a. Describe the product or component and its function. b. What are
Repeat Problem 1 for a product or component whose dominant requirements are dynamic mechanical properties. Repeat Problem 1. a. Describe the product or component and its function. b. What are the
One of the important considerations when selecting a material for an application is to determine the highest and lowest operating temperature along with the companion properties that must be present

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