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engineering
mechanical engineering

Questions and Answers of Mechanical Engineering

A 20◦ full-depth steel spur pinion has 20 teeth and a module of 2 mm and is to transmit 0.5 kW at a speed of 200 rev/min. Find an appropriate face width if the bending stress is not to exceed 75
A steel spur pinion is to transmit 20 hp at a speed of 400 rev/min. The pinion is cut on the 20◦ full-depth system and has a diametral pitch of 4 teeth/in and 16 teeth. Find a suitable face width
A gearset has a module of 5 mm, a 20◦ pressure angle, and a 24-tooth cast-iron spur pinion driving a 48-tooth cast-iron gear. The pinion is to rotate at 50 rev/min. What horsepower input can be
A speed-reducer has 20◦ full-depth teeth, and the single-reduction spur-gear gearset has 22 and 60 teeth. The diametral pitch is 4 teeth/in and the face width is 3 ¼ in. The pinion shaft speed is
The countershaft in Prob. 3–72, p. 138, is part of a speed reducing compound gear train using 20◦ spur gears. A gear on the input shaft drives gear A. Gear B drives a gear on the output shaft.
The countershaft in Prob. 3–73, p. 138, is part of a speed reducing compound gear train using 20◦ spur gears. A gear on the input shaft drives gear A with a 2 to 1 speed reduction. Gear B drives
Build on the results of Prob. 13–40, p. 728, to find factors of safety for bending and wear for gear F. Both gears are made from Grade 2 carburized and hardened steel. Use a face-width of 4 times
Build on the results of Prob. 13–41, p. 729, to find factors of safety for bending and wear for gear C. Both gears are made from Grade 2 carburized and hardened steel. Use a face-width of 4 times
The figure shows an internal rim-type brake having an inside rim diameter of 300 mm and a dimension R = 125 mm. The shoes have a face width of 40 mm and are both actuated by a force of 2.2 kN. The
In the figure for Prob. 16€“1, the inside rim diameter is 11 in and the dimension R is 3.5 in. The shoes have a face width of 1.25 in. Find the braking torque and the maximum pressure for
The block-type hand brake shown in the figure has a face width of 1.25 in and a mean coefficient of friction of 0.25. For an estimated actuating force of 90 lbf, find the maximum pressure on the shoe
Problem 16â€“9 is preliminary to analyzing the brake. A rigid molded non-asbestos lining is used dry in the brake of Prob. 16â€“9 on a cast iron drum. The shoes are 6 in wide and subtend a
The maximum band interface pressure on the brake shown in the figure is 620 kPa. Use a 350 mm diameter drum, a band width of 25 mm, a coefficient of friction of 0.30, and an angle-of-wrap of
The drum for the band brake in Prob. 16€“11 is 12 in diameter. The band selected has a mean coefficient of friction of 0.28 and a width of 3.25 in. It can safely support a tension of 1.8
Look again at Prob. 16â€“17.(a) Show how the optimal diameter d is related to the outside diameter D.(b) What is the optimal inner diameter?(c) What does the tabulation show about maxima?(d)
A cone clutch has D = 12 in, d = 11 in, a cone length of 2.25 in, and a coefficient of friction of 0.28. A torque of 1.8 kip ∙ in is to be transmitted. For this requirement, estimate the actuating
A brake has a normal braking torque of 2.8 kip ∙ in and heat-dissipating surfaces whose mass is 40 lbm. Suppose a load is brought to rest in 8.0 s from an initial angular speed of 1600 rev/min
A cast-iron flywheel has a rim whose OD is 1.5 m and whose ID is 1.4 m. The flywheel weight is to be such that an energy fluctuation of 6.75 J will cause the angular speed to vary no more than 240 to
A single-geared blanking press has a stroke of 200 mm and a rated capacity of 320kN. A cam-driven ram is assumed to be capable of delivering the full press load at constant force during the last 15
Apply the rules of Prob. 16€“26 to the three-shaft system shown in the figure to create a motor shaft shish kebab.(a) Show that the equivalent inertia Ie is given byIe = IM + IP + n2IP +
In solving problems and examining examples, you probably have noticed some recurring forms:Show thatb = 1/a0 ˆ’ a2 33000Hd/V exp(f Ï†) /exp(f Ï†) €“1
The standard roller-chain number indicates the chain pitch in inches, construction proportions, series, and number of strands as follows:This convention makes the pitch directly readable from the
Equate Eqs. (17â€“32) and (17â€“33) to find the rotating speed n1 at which the power equates and marks the division between the premaximum and the postmaximum power domains.(a) Show that(b)
Generalize the results of Prob. 17–31 by representing the factor of safety n asn = ad/(b/m) + cd2Where m is the number of ropes supporting the cage, and a, b, and c are constants. Show that the
From your results in Prob. 17–32, show that to meet a fatigue factor of safety n1 the optimal solution ism = 4bcn1/a2 ropesHaving a diameter ofd = a/2cn1Solve Prob. 17–31 if a factor of safety of
A gas is compressed from an initial volume of 0.42 m3 to a final volume of 0.12 m3. During the quasi-equilibrium process, the pressure changes with volume according to the relation P = aV + b, where
A woman who used to drink about one liter of regular cola every day switches to diet cola (zero calorie) and starts eating two slices of apple pie every day. Is she now consuming fewer or more
A 190-pound man and a 130-pound woman went to Burger King for lunch. The man had a BK Big Fish sandwich (720 Cal), medium french fries (400 Cal), and a large Coke (225 Cal). The woman had a basic
A person eats a McDonald's Big Mac sandwich (530 Cal), a second person eats a Burger King Whopper sandwich (640 Cal), and a third person eats 50 olives with regular French fries (350 Cal) for lunch.
A 75-kg man decides to lose 5 kg without cutting down his intake of 4000 Calories a day. Instead, he starts fast swimming, fast dancing, jogging, and biking each for an hour every day. He sleeps or
The range of healthy weight for adults is usually expressed in terms of the body mass index (BMI), defined, in SI units, as BMI = W(kg)/H2(m2) where W is the weight (actually, the mass) of the
The body mass index (BMI) of a 1.6-m tall woman who normally has 3 large slices of cheese pizza and a 400-ml Coke for lunch is 30. She now decides to change her lunch to 2 slices of pizza and a
Alcohol provides 7 Calories per gram, but it provides no essential nutrients. A 1.5 ounce serving of 80-proof liquor contains 100 Calories in alcohol alone. Sweet wines and beer provide additional
The temperature of air changes from 0 to 10oC while its velocity changes from zero to a final velocity, and its elevation changes from zero to a final elevation. At which values of final air velocity
Consider a piston - cylinder device that contains 0.5 kg air. Now, heat is transferred to the air at constant pressure and the air temperature increases by 5oC. Determine the expansion work done
Air in the amount of 2 lbm is contained in a well insulated, rigid vessel equipped with a stirring paddle wheel. The initial state of this air is 30 psia and 60oF. How much work, in Btu, must be
A mass of 1.5 kg of air at 120 kPa and 24oC is contained in a gas-tight, frictionless piston cylinder device. The air is now compressed to a final pressure of 600 kPa. During the process, heat is
Air is expanded in a polytropic process with n 5 1.2 from 1 MPa and 400oC to 110 kPa in a piston-cylinder device. Determine the final temperature of the air.
Nitrogen at 100 kPa and 25oC in a rigid vessel is heated until its pressure is 300 kPa. Calculate the work done and the heat transferred during this process, in kJ/kg.
A well-insulated rigid vessel contains 3 kg of saturated liquid water at 40oC. The vessel also contains an electrical resistor that draws 10 amperes when 50 volts are applied. Determine the final
In order to cool 1 ton of water at 208C in an insulated tank, a person pours 80 kg of ice at 25oC into the water. Determine the final equilibrium temperature in the tank. The melting temperature and
A mass of 3 kg of saturated liquid-vapor mixture of water is contained in a piston-cylinder device at 160 kPa. Initially, 1 kg of the water is in the liquid phase and the rest is in the vapor phase.
A mass of 12 kg of saturated refrigerant-134a vapor is contained in a piston - cylinder device at 240 kPa. Now 300 kJ of heat is transferred to the refrigerant at constant pressure while a 110-V
Saturated water vapor at 200oC is condensed to a saturated liquid at 50oC in a spring-loaded piston - cylinder device. Determine the heat transfer for this process, in kJ/kg.
A piston - cylinder device contains 0.8 kg of an ideal gas. Now, the gas is cooled at constant pressure until its temperature decreases by 10oC. If 16.6 kJ of compression work is done during this
A piston - cylinder device contains helium gas initially at 100 kPa, 10oC, and 0.2 m3. The helium is now compressed in a polytropic process (PVn = constant) to 700 kPa and 290oC. Determine the heat
An insulated piston - cylinder device initially contains 0.01 m3 of saturated liquid-vapor mixture with a quality of 0.2 at 120oC. Now some ice at 0oC is added to the cylinder. If the cylinder
During some actual expansion and compression processes in piston - cylinder devices, the gases have been observed to satisfy the relationship PVn = C, where n and C are constants. Calculate the work
Nitrogen gas is expanded in a polytropic process with n 5 1.25 from 2 MPa and 1200 K to 200 kPa in a piston - cylinder device. How much work is produced and heat is transferred during this expansion
A passive solar house that is losing heat to the outdoors at an average rate of 50,000 kJ/h is maintained at 22oC at all times during a winter night for 10 h. The house is to be heated by 50 glass
One ton (1000 kg) of liquid water at 50oC is brought into a well-insulated and well-sealed 4-m × 5-m × 6-m room initially at 15oC and 95 kPa. Assuming constant specific heats for both air and water
Water is boiled at sea level in a coffee maker equipped with an immersion-type electric heating element. The coffee maker contains 1 L of water when full. Once boiling starts, it is observed that
A 3-m × 4-m × 5-m room is to be heated by one ton (1000 kg) of liquid water contained in a tank that is placed in the room. The room is losing heat to the outside at an average rate of 6000 kJ/h.
The energy content of a certain food is to be determined in a bomb calorimeter that contains 3 kg of water by burning a 2-g sample of it in the presence of 100 g of air in the reaction chamber. If
A 68-kg man whose average body temperature is 39oC drinks 1 L of cold water at 3oC in an effort to cool down. Taking the average specific heat of the human body to be 3.6 kJ/kg·oC, determine the
An insulated rigid tank initially contains 1.4-kg saturated liquid water at 200oC and air. At this state, 25 percent of the volume is occupied by liquid water and the rest by air. Now an electric
A 0.3-L glass of water at 20oC is to be cooled with ice to 5oC. Determine how much ice needs to be added to the water, in grams, if the ice is at (a) 0oC and (b) 220oC. Also determine how much water
A piston - cylinder device contains helium gas initially at100 kPa, 10oC, and 0.2 m3. The helium is now compressed in a polytropic process (PVn = constant) to 700 kPa and 290oC. Determine the heat
Reconsider Prob. 4-12. Using the EES (or other) software, plot the process described in the problem on a P-V diagram, and investigate the effect of the polytropic exponent n on the boundary work. Let
A well-insulated 3-m × 4-m × 6-m room initially at 7oC is heated by the radiator of a steam heating system. The radiator has a volume of 15 L and is filled with superheated vapor at 200 kPa and
Two rigid tanks are connected by a valve. Tank A contains 0.2 m3 of water at 400 kPa and 80 percent quality. Tank B contains 0.5 m3 of water at 200 kPa and 250oC. The valve is now opened, and the two
Reconsider Prob. 4 - 131. Using EES (or other) software, investigate the effect of the environment temperature on the final pressure and the heat transfer. Let the environment temperature vary from 0
Consider a well-insulated horizontal rigid cylinder that is divided into two compartments by a piston that is free to move but does not allow either gas to leak into the other side. Initially, one
Repeat Prob. 4-133 by assuming the piston is made of 8 kg of copper initially at the average temperature of the two gases on both sides.
Reconsider Prob. 4-134. Using EES (or other) software, investigate the effect of the mass of the copper piston on the final equilibrium temperature. Let the mass of piston vary from 1 to 10 kg. Plot
An insulated piston-cylinder device initially contains 1.8-kg saturated liquid water at 120oC. Now an electric resistor placed in the tank is turned on for 10 min until the volume quadruples.
A vertical 12-cm diameter piston - cylinder device contains an ideal gas at the ambient conditons of 1 bar and 24oC. Initially, the inner face of the piston is 20 cm from the base of the cylinder.
A vertical 12-cm diameter piston - cylinder device contains an ideal gas at the ambient conditons of 1 bar and 24oC. Initially, the inner face of the piston is 20 cm from thebase of the cylinder. Now
A piston - cylinder device initially contains 0.35-kg steam at 3.5 MPa, superheated by 7.4oC. Now the steam loses heat to the surroundings and the piston moves down, hitting a set of stops at which
A frictionless piston-cylinder device contains 5 kg of nitrogen at 100 kPa and 250 K. Nitrogen is now compressed slowly according to the relation PV1.4 = constant until it reaches a final temperature
An insulated rigid tank is divided into two compartments of different volumes. Initially, each compartment contains the same ideal gas at identical pressure but at different temperatures and masses.
One kilogram of carbon dioxide is compressed from 0.5 MPa and 200oC to 3 MPa in a piston - cylinder device arranged to execute a polytropic process with n 5 1.3. Use the compressibility factor to
In solar-heated buildings, energy is often stored as sensible heat in rocks, concrete, or water during the day for use at night. To minimize the storage space, it is desirable to use a material that
The early steam engines were driven by the atmospheric pressure acting on the piston fitted into a cylinder filled with saturated steam. A vacuum was created in the cylinder by cooling the cylinder
The specific heat of a material is given in a strange unit to be c 5 3.60 kJ/kg·oF. The specific heat of this material in the SI units of kJ/kg·oC is (a) 2.00 kJ/kg·oC (b) 3.20 kJ/kg·oC (c)
A 3-m3 rigid tank contains nitrogen gas at 500 kPa and 300 K. Now heat is transferred to the nitrogen in the tank and the pressure of nitrogen rises to 800 kPa. The work done during this process
A 0.5-m3 rigid tank contains nitrogen gas at 600 kPa and 300 K. Now the gas is compressed isothermally to a volume of 0.1 m3. The work done on the gas during this compression process is (a) 720 kJ
A well-sealed room contains 60 kg of air at 200 kPa and 258C. Now solar energy enters the room at an average rate of 0.8 kJ/s while a 120-W fan is turned on to circulate the air in the room. If heat
A 2-kW baseboard electric resistance heater in a vacant room is turned on and kept on for 15 min. The mass of the air in the room is 75 kg, and the room is tightly sealed so that no air can leak in
A room contains 75 kg of air at 100 kPa and 15°C. The room has a 250-W refrigerator (the refrigerator consumes 250 W of electricity when running), a 120-W TV, a 1.8-kW electric resistance heater,
The equation of state of a gas is given as v-(P + 10/ v-2) = 5 RuT, where the units of v- and P are m3/kmol and kPa, respectively. Now 0.2 kmol of this gas is expanded in a quasi equilibrium manner
A piston-cylinder device contains 5 kg of air at 400 kPa and 30°C. During a quasi-equilibium isothermal expansion process, 15 kJ of boundary work is done by the system, and 3 kJ of paddle-wheel work
A 6-pack canned drink is to be cooled from 18oC to 3°C. The mass of each canned drink is 0.355 kg. The drinks can be treated as water, and the energy stored in the aluminum can itself is negligible.
A glass of water with a mass of 0.45 kg at 20°C is to be cooled to 0°C by dropping ice cubes at 0°C into it. The latent heat of fusion of ice is 334 kJ/kg, and the specific heat of water is 4.18
A 2-kW electric resistance heater submerged in 5-kg water is turned on and kept on for 10 min. During the process, 300 kJ of heat is lost from the water. The temperature rise of water is (a) 0.4°C
1.5 kg of liquid water initially at 12°C is to be heated at 95°C in a teapot equipped with a 800-W electric heating element inside. The specific heat of water can be taken to be 4.18 kJ/kg·oC, and
An ordinary egg with a mass of 0.1 kg and a specific heat of 3.32 kJ/kg·oC is dropped into boiling water at 95°C. If the initial temperature of the egg is 58C, the maximum amount of heat transfer
An apple with an average mass of 0.18 kg and average specific heat of 3.65 kJ/kg·°C is cooled from 22°C to 5°C. The amount of heat transferred from the apple is (a) 0.85 kJ (b) 62.1 kJ (c) 17.7
The specific heat at constant volume for an ideal gas is given by cv = 0.7 + (2.7 × 10 -4)T (kJ/kg·K) where T is in kelvin. The change in the internal energy for this ideal gas undergoing a process
An ideal gas has a gas constant R = 0.3 kJ/kg·K and a constant-volume specific heat cv = 0.7 kJ/kg·K. If the gas has a temperature change of 100°C, choose the correct answer for each of the
An ideal gas undergoes a constant temperature (isothermal) process in a closed system. The heat transfer and work are, respectively (a) 0, - cv DT (b) cv DT, 0 (c) cp DT, RDT (d) R ln(T2/T1), R
Reconsider Prob. 4 - 15. Using the integration feature of the EES software, calculate the work done, and compare your result with the "hand-calculated" result obtained in Prob. 4 15. Plot the process
An ideal gas under goes a constant volume (isochoric) process in a closed system. The heat transfer and work are, respectively (a) 0, −cvΔT (b) cvΔT, 0 (c) cpΔT, RΔT (d) R ln(T2/T1), R
An ideal gas under goes a constant pressure (isobaric) process in a closed system. The heat transfer and work are, respectively(a) 0, −cvΔT (b) cvΔT, 0 (c) cpΔT, RΔT (d) R ln(T2/T1), R ln(T2/T1)
It is claimed that fruits and vegetables are cooled by 6°C for each percentage point of weight loss as moisture during vacuum cooling. Using calculations, demonstrate if this claim is reasonable.
During an expansion process, the pressure of a gas changes from 15 to 100 psia according to the relation P = aV + b, where a = 5 psia/ft3 and b is a constant. If the initial volume of the gas is 7
A piston - cylinder device initially contains 0.4 kg of nitrogen gas at 160 kPa and 140oC. The nitrogen is now expanded isothermally to a pressure of 100 kPa. Determine the boundary work done during
Hydrogen is contained in a piston-cylinder device at 14.7 psia and 15 ft3. At this state, a linear spring (F ~ x) with a spring constant of 15,000 lbf/ft is touching the piston but exerts no force on
Nitrogen at an initial state of 300 K, 150 kPa, and 0.2 m3 is compressed slowly in an isothermal process to a final pressure of 800 kPa. Determine the work done during this process.
A piston - cylinder device contains 0.15 kg of air initially at 2 MPa and 350oC. The air is first expanded isothermally to 500 kPa, then compressed polytropically with a polytropic exponent of 1.2 to

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