Last season’s football game between two unbeaten teams, the University of Oregon and Oregon State University, ended on a controversial call. Oregon thought that it had won the game on the final play with a spectacular catch in the end zone. Game officials, however, ruled that the receiver was out of bounds when he caught the ball. As a result, Oregon State won the game. After the game a sample of 200 fans was asked whether the catch should have been ruled a touchdown. Results— along with the school affiliation of those responding— are shown in the table below:

Use a chi square test of independence to test a null hypothesis that fan opinion is independent of school affiliation for the populations represented here. Use a significance level of 5%.

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OBSERVED FREQUENCIES Opinion Affiliation Oregon Oregon State Totals Yes No Not sure Totls 15 68 14 97 72 10 103 200 89 87 24