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mathematics
statistics

Questions and Answers of Statistics

The president of a large company is in the process of deciding whether to adopt a lunch-time exercise program. The purpose of such programs is to improve the health of workers and, in so doing,
One measure of the state of the economy is the amount of money homeowners pay on their mortgage each month. To determine the extent of change between this year and 5 years ago, a random sample of 150
Do waiters or waitresses earn larger tips? To answer this question, a restaurant consultant undertook a preliminary study. The study involved measuring the percentage of the total bill left as a tip
To determine the effect of advertising in the Yellow Pages, Bell Telephone took a sample of 40 retail stores that did not advertise in the Yellow Pages last year but did so this year. The annual
Because of the high cost of energy, home-owners in northern climates need to find ways to cut their heating costs. A building contractor wanted to investigate the effect on heating costs of
The cost of health care is rising faster than most other items. To learn more about the problem a survey was undertaken to determine whether differences in health care expenditures exist between men
The fluctuations in the stock market induce some investors to sell and move their money into more stable investments. To determine the degree to which recent fluctuations affected ownership, a random
Are Americans more deeply in debt this year compared to last year? To help answer this question a statistics practitioner randomly sampled Americans this year and last year. The sampling was
Every April Americans and Canadians fill out their tax return forms. Many turn to tax preparation companies to do this tedious job. The question arises, Are there differences between companies? In an
Refer to Exercise 13.33. Suppose now we redo the experiment in the following way. On 20 randomly selected cars, one of each type of tire is installed on the rear wheels and as before, the cars are
Refer to Examples 13.4 and 13.5. Suppose that another experiment is conducted. Finance and marketing MBA majors were matched according to their undergraduate GPA. As in the previous examples, the
Refer to Example 13.2. The actual after and before operating incomes were recorded.a. Test to determine whether there is enough evidence to infer that for companies where an offspring takes the helm
The general trend over the last century is that each generation is more educated that its predecessor. Has this trend continued? To answer this question determine whether there is sufficient evidence
Is there sufficient evidence to infer that Americans are more educated than their mothers (EDUC and MAEDUC)?
Estimate with 95% confidence the average difference between the amount of time spent watching or reading news on the Internet (TIME1) and the amount of time spent reading news in a printed newspaper
Estimate with 95% confidence the average difference between the amount of time spent watching news on television (not including sports) (TIME2) and the amount of time spent reading news in a printed
Random samples from two normal populations produced the following statistics:a. Can we infer at the 10%significance level that the two population variances differ?b. Repeat part (a) changing the
Random samples from two normal populations produced the following statistics:a. Estimate with 95% confidence the ratio of the two population variances.b. Repeat part (a) changing the sample sizes to
The manager of a dairy is in the process of deciding which of two new carton-filling machines to use. The most important attribute is the consistency of the fills. In a preliminary study she measured
An operations manager who supervises an assembly line has been experiencing problems with the sequencing of jobs. The problem is that bottlenecks are occurring because of the inconsistency of
A statistics professor hypothesized that not only would the means vary, but also so would the variances if the business statistics course was taught in two different ways but had the same final exam.
A new highway has just been completed and the government must decide on speed limits. There are several possible choices. However, on advice from police who monitor traffic the objective was to
In Exercise 12.78 we described the problem of whether to change all the light bulbs at Yankee Stadium or change them one by one as they burn out. There are two brands of bulbs that can be used.
In deciding where to invest her retirement fund, an investor recorded the weekly returns of two portfolios for 1 year. Can we conclude that portfolio 2 is riskier than portfolio 1?
An important statistical measurement in service facilities (such as restaurants and banks) is the variability in service times. As an experiment, two bank tellers were observed, and the service times
Random samples from two binomial populations yielded the following statistics:p̂1 = .45 n1 = 100 p̂2 = .40 n2 = 100a. Calculate the p-value of a test to determine whether we can infer that the
These statistics were calculated from two random samples:p̂1 = .60 n1 = 225 p̂2 = .55 n2 = 225a. Calculate the p-value of a test to determine whether there is evidence to infer that the population
After sampling from two binomial populations we found the following.p̂1 = .18 n1 = 100 p̂2 = .22 n2 = 100a. Estimate with 90% confidence the difference in population proportions.b. Repeat part (a)
Many stores sell extended warranties for products they sell. These are very lucrative for store owners. To learn more about who buys these warranties a random sample of a storeâ€™s customers who
A firm has classified its customers in two ways:(1) According to whether the account is overdue and(2) Whether the account is new (less than 12 months) or old.To acquire information about which
One hundred normal-weight people and 100 obese people were observed at several Chinese-food buffets. For each researcherâ€™s recorded whether the diner used chopsticks or knife and fork. The
Surveys have been widely used by politicians around the world as a way of monitoring the opinions of the electorate. Six months ago, a survey was undertaken to determine the degree of support for a
The process that is used to produce a complex component used in medical instruments typically results in defective rates in the 40% range. Recently, two innovative processes have been developed to
Cold and allergy medicines have been available for a number of years. One serious side effect of these medications is that they cause drowsiness, which makes them dangerous for industrial workers. In
Plavix is a drug that is given to angioplasty patients to help prevent blood clots. A researcher at McMaster University organized a study that involved 12,562 patients in 482 hospitals in 28
In a study that was highly publicized, doctors discovered that aspirin seems to help prevent heart attacks. The research project, which was scheduled to last for 5 years, involved 22,000
Exercise 13.141 described the experiment that determined that taking aspirin daily reduces one’s probability of suffering a heart attack. The study was conducted in 1982 and at that time the mean
According to the Canadian Cancer Society more than 21,000 women will be diagnosed with breast cancer every year and more than 5,000 will die. (U.S. figures are more than 10 times those in Canada.)
A study described in the British Medical Journal (January 2004) sought to determine whether exercise would help extend the lives of patients with heart failure.A sample of 801 patients with heart
Cell Phone Experiment 1Is there enough evidence to infer that women drivers in a following car are more likely to honk when the lead car driver is using a cellphone?
Cell Phone Experiment 2Can we conclude that male drivers are more likely to honk when the lead car driver is using a cellphone?
Expensive Car ExperimentDo these figures allow us to conclude that drivers behind expensive cars are less likely tohonk?
Gender Experiment 1Can we conclude from these statistics that women are less likely tohonk?
Gender Experiment 2Can we conclude from these statistics that women are less likely tohonk?
Convertible ExperimentIs there enough evidence to draw the inference that drivers of convertibles are less likely tohonk?
Automobile magazines often compare models and rate them in various ways. One question that is often asked of car owners, would you buy the same model again? Suppose that a researcher for one magazine
An insurance company is thinking about offering discounts on its life insurance policies to nonsmokers. As part of its analysis, the company randomly selects 200 men who are 60 years old and asks
Has the illicit use of drugs decreased over the past 10 years? Government agencies have undertaken surveys of Americans 12 years of age and older. Each was asked whether he or she used drugs at least
It has been estimated that the oil sands in Alberta Canada contain 2 trillion barrels of oil. However, recovering the oil damages the environment. A survey of Canadians and Americans was asked, what
An operations manager of a computer chip maker is in the process of selecting a new machine to replace several older ones. Although technological innovations have improved the production process it
Parents often urge their children to get more education, not only for the increased income but to perhaps work less hard. In a survey asked a random sample of Canadians whether they work 11 or more
Are Americans becoming more unhappy at work? A survey of Americans in 2008 and again this year asked whether he or she was satisfied with their jobs (1 = No, 2 = Yes). Can we infer that more
In Chapters 3 and 4, we described the issue of global warming pointing out that the Earth has not warmed since 1998, explaining why the media now refer to the problem as climate change, and that
One of the issues in the U.S. presidential election in 2012 was the Keystone XL pipeline, which would send Canadian oil to the refineries in Texas. Pew Research Center conducted a survey of American
The market for breakfast cereals has been divided into several segments related to health. One company identified a segment as those adults who are health conscious. The marketing manager would like
Quik Lube is a company that offers oil change service while the customer waits. Its market has been broken down into the following segments:1. Working men and women too busy to wait at a dealer or
Telemarketers obtain names and telephone numbers from several sources. To determine whether one particular source is better than a second, a random sample of names and numbers from the two different
A generation ago men were more likely to attend university and acquire a graduate degree than women. However, women now appear to be attending university in greater numbers than men. To gauge the
The deep recession of 2008–2010 may have changed patterns of employment. Because of the large number of layoffs an increasing number of individuals have chosen to work for themselves. The question
Is there enough statistical evidence to infer that women more likely to work for the government (WRKGOVT: 1 = Government, 2 = Private enterprise) than men?
Half a century ago men were far more likely to be the breadwinner and women were far more likely to be homemakers. Has this changed or are men still more likely than women to work full time outside
Is there sufficient evidence to conclude that Republican Party supporters are more likely to be working full time (WRKSTAT: 1 = Full time, 2-8 = Other) than Democratic Party supporters?
In theory, Democrats support larger government. Can we infer from the data that Democratic Party supporters are more likely to work for the government (WRKGOVT: 1 = Government, 2 = Private
In theory, Republicans are more supportive of free enterprise. Do the data allow us to infer that Republican Party supporters are more likely to work for themselves (WRKSLF: 1 = Work for themselves,
Who is more likely to be working full time (WRKSTAT: 1 = Full time, 2-8 = Other)? Conduct a test to determine whether there are differences between married and never married American adults.
Is there enough statistical evidence to conclude that married people are more likely to work for themselves (WRKSLF: 1 = Work for themselves, 2 = Work for someone else) than married people?
Can we infer from the data that married and never married people differ in their completion of a graduate degree (DEGREE: 4 = Graduate degree, 1-3 = Other)?
In theory working for the government means that job security is greater than working for private enterprise. Are married people more likely to work for the government (WRKGOVT: 1 = Government, 2 =
Is there enough statistical evidence to conclude that people born in the United States are more likely to work for the government (WRKGVT: 1 = Government, 2 = Other) than people born outside the
Are foreign-born people more likely to work for themselves (WRKSLF: 1 = Work for themselves, 2 = Work for someone else) than Americans born in the United States? Conduct a test to answer the question.
Is there sufficient evidence to conclude that foreign-born people are more likely to have a graduate degree (DEGREE: 4 = Graduate, 1-3 = Other) than people born in the United States?
A doctor tells a couple that there is one chance in four that their child will have an inherited disease. Does this mean that if the first child has the illness, the next three will not (ODDS1: 1 =
A doctor tells a couple that there is one chance in four that their child will have an inherited disease. Does this mean that each of the couple’s children will have the same risk of suffering the
True or false, the center of the earth is very hot (HOTCORE: 1 = True, 2 = False)? Correct answer: True.
Does the Earth go around the Sun, or does the Sun go around the Earth (EARTHSUN: 1 =Earth around Sun, 2 = Sun around Earth)? Correct answer: Earth around Sun.
Likely to be employed (EMPLOY: 1 = Working now, 2- 8 = Other categories).
Have health insurance (HEALTH 1 = Yes, 5 = No).
Always vote (OFTEN: 1 = Always; 2, 3, 4 = Other categories).
Obesity among children is quickly becoming an epidemic across North America. Television and video games are part of the problem. To gauge to what extent nonparticipation in organized sports
A restaurant located in an office building decides to adopt a new strategy for attracting customers to the restaurant. Every week it advertises in the city newspaper. To assess how well the
Every year, the Bureau of Labor Statistics administers a survey of American households called the American Time Use Survey. Respondents are asked to report their activities during an entire 24-hour
How important to your health are regular vacations? In a study a random sample of men and women were asked how frequently they take vacations. The men and women were divided into two groups each. The
Research scientists at a pharmaceutical company have recently developed a new nonprescription sleeping pill. They decide to test its effectiveness by measuring the time it takes for people to fall
The city of Toronto boasts four daily newspapers. Not surprisingly, competition is keen. To help learn more about newspaper readers, an advertiser selected a random sample of people who bought their
In recent years, a number of state governments have passed mandatory seat-belt laws. Although the use of seat belts is known to save lives and reduce serious injuries, compliance with seat-belt laws
An important component of the cost of living is the amount of money spent on housing. Housing costs include rent (for tenants), mortgage payments and property tax (for home owners), heating,
In designing advertising campaigns to sell magazines, it is important to know how much time each of a number of demographic groups spends reading magazines. In a preliminary study, 40 people were
In a study to determine whether gender affects salary offers for graduating MBA students, 25 pairs of students were selected. Each pair consisted of a female and a male student who were matched
Have North Americans grown to distrust television and newspaper journalists? A study was conducted this year to compare what Americans currently think of the press versus what they said 3 years ago.
Before deciding which of two types of stamping machines should be purchased, the plant manager of an automotive parts manufacturer wants to determine the number of units that each produces. The two
Refer to Exercise 13.195. Can we conclude that the defective rate differs between the two machines?
The growing use of bicycles to commute to work has caused many cities to create exclusive bicycle lanes. These lanes are usually created by disallowing parking on streets that formerly allowed
Researchers at the University of Ohio surveyed 219 students and found that 148 had Facebook accounts. All students were asked how for their current GPA. Do the data allow us to infer that Facebook
Clinical depression is linked to several other diseases. Scientists at Johns Hopkins University undertook a study to determine whether heart disease is one of these. A group of 1190 male medical
High blood pressure (hypertension) is a leading cause of strokes. Medical researchers are constantly seeking ways to treat patients suffering from this condition. A specialist in hypertension claims
Most people exercise in order to lose weight. To determine better ways to lose weight, a random sample of male and female exercisers was divided into groups. The first group exercised vigorously
After observing the results of the test in Exercise 13.201, a statistics practitioner organized another experiment. People were matched according to gender, height, and weight. One member of each
Pass the Lotion, a long-running television commercial for Special K cereal, features a flabby sunbather who asks his wife to smear sun lotion on his back. A random sample of Special K customers and a
Refer to Exercise 13.203. The respondents were also asked whether they thought the ad would be effective in selling the product. The responses (1 = Yes, 2 = No) were recorded. Can we infer that
Most English professors complain that students don’t write very well. In particular they point out that students often confuse quality and quantity. A study at the University of Texas examined this

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