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physics
modern physics

Questions and Answers of Modern Physics

When a 23592U (235.043 924 u) nucleus fissions, about 200 MeV of energy is released. What is the ratio of this energy to the rest energy of the uranium nucleus?
Suppose that the 23994Pu nucleus fissions into two fragment whose mass ratio is 0.32: 0.68. With the aid of Figure, estimate the energy (in MeV) released during thisfission.
A nuclear power plant is 25% efficient, meaning that only 25% of the power it generates goes into producing electricity. The remaining 75% is wasted as heat. The plant generates 8.0 × 108 watts of
One proposed fusion reaction combines lithium 63Li (6.015 u) with deuterium 21H (2.014 u) to give helium 42H (4.003 u): 21H + 63Li → 242He How many kilograms of lithium would be needed to supply
Suppose a neutrino is created and has energy of 35 MeV. (a) Assuming the neutrino, like the photon, has no mass and travels at the speed of light, find the momentum of the neutrino. (b) Determine the
The lambda particle Λ0 has an electric charge of zero. It is a baryon and, hence, is composed of three quarks. They are all different. One of these quarks is the up quark u, and there are no ant
Imagine that your car is powered by a fusion engine in which the following reaction occurs: 321H→42He + 11H + 10n. The masses are 21H (2.0141 u), 42He (4.0026 u), 11H (1.0078 u), and 10n (1.0087
Instead of carrying a full-size spare tire, many automobiles are equipped with a significantly smaller spare tire with a warning that the car should not exceed a speed of 50 mi/h.(a) How much
1. Observe the warped lines on asphalt pavement in front of a stoplight (Figure).(a) What type of stress causes such curved lines?(b) Why are the warped lines, as seen in the photograph, more
A tanker truck with a cylindrical container 11.3 m long and 2.85 m in diameter transports several types of liquids. How much mass does it carry if it is transporting a full load of(a) Water,(b)
Every morning Shakira weighs herself on a bathroom spring scale. Today, the scale reads 134 lb.(a) If the spring in the bathroom scale compresses 0.752 in., find its spring constant.(b) If her
A packing crate 2.50 m x 0.80 m x 0.45 m weighs 1.41 x 105 N. Find the stress (in kPa) exerted by the crate on the floor in each of its three possible positions.
A packing crate 2.50 m x 20.0 cm x 30.0 cm has a mass of 975 kg. Find the stress (in kPa) exerted by the crate on the floor in each of its three possible positions.
A spring is stretched 24.0 in. by a force of 54.0 lb.(a) How far will it stretch if a force of 104 lb is applied?(b) What weight will stretch the spring 9.00 in.?
A 17.0-N force stretches a wire 0.650 cm.(a) What force will stretch a similar piece of wire 1.87 cm?(b) A force of 21.3 N is applied to a similar piece of wire. How far will it stretch?
1. A force of 36.0 N stretches a spring 18.0 cm. Find the spring constant (in N/m).2. A force of 5.00 N is applied to a spring whose spring constant is 0.250 N/cm. Find its change in length (in
Each vertical steel column of an office building supports 1.30 x 105 N and is compressed 5.90 x 10–3 cm.(a) Find the compression in each column if a weight of 5.50 x 105 N is supported.(b) If the
Each vertical steel column of an office building supports 30,000 lb and is compressed 0.00234 in. Find the compression of each column if a weight of 125,000 lb is supported.
A coiled spring is stretched 40.0 cm by a 5.00-N weight.(a) How far is it stretched by a 15.0-N weight?(b) What weight will stretch the spring 60.0 cm?
1. A 12,000-N load is hanging from a steel cable that is 10.0 m long and 16.0 mm in diameter. Find the stress.2. A rectangular cast-iron column 25.0 m x 25.0 cm x 5.00 m supports a weight of 6.80 x
In a Hooke’s law experiment, the following weights were attached to a spring, resulting in the following elongations: Weight (N) Elongation (cm) 50 ........... 2.0 75 ........... 3.3105
What was the original length of a spring with spring constant 96.0 N/m that is stretched to 28.0 cm by a 15.0-N weight?
Two hanging springs, each 15.0 cm long, with spring constants 0.970 N/cm and 1.45 N/cm, respectively, are stretched by a bar weighing 26.0 N that connects them. The bar is 6.00 m long and has a
A firefighter weighs 725 N. She wears shoes that each cover an area of 206 cm2.(a) What is the average stress she applies to the ground on which she is standing?(b) How does the stress change if she
1. Two identical wires are 125 cm and 375 cm long, respectively. The first wire is broken by a force of 489 N. What force is needed to break the other?2. The cross-sectional area of a wire is 2.50 x
Express mass density in kg/m3 and weight density in lb/ft3.1. Find the mass density of a chunk of rock of mass 215 g that displaces a volume of 75.0 cm3 of water.2. A block of wood is 55.9 in. x 71.1
1. Find the volume (in cm3) of 1350 g of mercury.2. Find the volume (in cm3) of 1350 g of cork.3. Find the volume (in m3) of 1350 g of nitrogen at 0°C and 1 atm pressure.
1. A block of gold 9.00 in. x 8.00 in. x 6.00 in. weighs 302 lb. Find its weight density.2. A cylindrical piece of copper is 9.00 in. tall and 1.40 in. in radius. How much does it weigh?3. A piece of
1. Find the mass density of gasoline if 106 g occupies 155 cm3.2. How much does 1.00 gal of gasoline weigh?3. Determine the volume (in m3) of 3045 kg of oil.4. How many ft3 will 573 lb of water
If 20.4 in3 of linseed oil weighs 0.694 lb, what is its weight density?
If 108 in3 of ammonia gas weighs 0.00301 lb, what is its weight density?
1. Find the volume of 3.00 kg of propane at 0°C and 1 atm pressure.2. Granite has a mass density of 2650 kg/m3. Find its weight density in lb/ft3.3. Find the mass density of a metal block 18.0 cm x
Find the mass (in kg) of 1.00 m3 of(a) Water,(b) Gasoline,(c) Copper,(d) Mercury and,(e) Air at 0°C and 1 atm pressure.
What size tank (in litres) is needed for of? (a) Water? (b) Gasoline?(c) Mercury?
1. Copper has a mass density of 8890 kg/m3. Find its mass density in g/cm3.2. What is the mass of gasoline in a 1250-litre gas tank?3. If racing alcohol has a mass density of 790 kg/m3, what mass
Use Table 12.2 to find the specific gravity of each material.1. Ice 2. Concrete 3. Iron4. Air 5. Gasoline 6. Cork7. The specific gravity of material X is 0.82. Does it sink in or float on water?8.
A proton has mass 1.67 x 10–27 kg and diameter 8.2 x 10–16 m. Find its specific gravity.
1. Find the mass density of a 315-g object that displaces 0.275 m3 of water.2. What is the mass density of a 500-g block that displaces 215 cm3 of water?
1. A force of 32.5 N stretches a wire 0.470 cm. What force will stretch a similar piece of wire 2.39 cm?2. A force of 7.33 N is applied to a spring whose spring constant is 0.298 N/cm. Find its
Each vertical steel column of an office building supports 42,100 lb and is compressed 0.0258 in. What is the spring constant of the steel? Find the compression if the weight were 51,700 lb.
A rectangular cast-iron column 16.0 cm x 16.0 cm x 4.50 m supports a weight of 7.95 x 106 N. Find the stress on the top of the column.
Find the weight density of a block of metal 7.00 in. x 6.50 in. x 8.00 in. that weighs 425 lb.
A cylindrical piece of aluminum is 4.25 cm tall and 1.95 cm in radius. How much does it weigh?
1. A piece of metal has a mass of 8.36 kg. If it displaces water that fills a container 9.34 cm x 10.0 cm x 10.0 cm, what is the mass density of the metal?2. A block of wood is 27.7 in. x 36.3 in. x
1. Find the mass of 1510 m3 of oxygen at 0°C and 1 atm.2. Find the weight of 951 ft3 of water.3. Find the weight density of a block of material 4.27 in. x 3.87 in. x 5.44 in. that weighs 0.982 lb.4.
1. A quantity of liquid weighs 4.65 lb with a weight density of 39.8 lb/ft3. What is its volume?2. The density of a metal is 694 kg/m3. Find its specific gravity.3. A solid displaces 4.30 gal of
The most important particles that make up atoms include which of the following?(a) Neutron (b) Molecule (c) Electron(d) Hydrogen (e) Proton
Matter exists in which of the following?(a) Gas (b) Neutrons (c) Electrons(d) Solid (e) Liquid
1. The common industrial method used to measure the hardness of a metal is?(a) The Bernoulli method. (b) Hooke’s method.(c) The capillary method. (d) The Brinell method.(e) None of the above.2.
1. In your own words, describe the difference between mass density and weight density.2. Would the mass density of an object be the same if the object were on the moon rather than on the earth? Would
1. What is the difference between adhesion and cohesion?2. Give one example of the effect of surface tension that is not described in this book.3. The mass of a proton is approximately _____ times
1. The applied force divided by the area over which the force acts is called _____.2. In your own words, state Hooke’s law.3. The commonly used unit of stress in the metric system is the _____.4.
1. What is the ratio of mass to volume called?2. What is friction in liquids called?3. A spring that has been permanently deformed is said to have been deformed past its _____ _____.4. List the three
1. Distinguish between a molecule and an atom.2. Distinguish between a neutron and a proton.3. List the five basic stresses.4. Explain how a hydrometer measures the charge in a lead storage battery.
To produce the blue neon light used in many storefront signs, an electron from a hydrogen atom must undergo a transition from one energy level to another.(a) What is the transition energy (eV) if the
A photon is released from a hydrogen atom when an electron moves from a higher energy level to a lower energy level. At what level does an electron begin its journey to the level n = 1 if the emitted
The binding energy for a 42He nucleus is 28.40 MeV.(a) What is the binding energy (in J)?(b) How many protons, neutrons, and electrons are in the 42He atom?(c) Find the total mass of the various
A source of radon 222 has 2.45 x 1023 atoms remaining after 10.0 days. (a) If its half-life is 3.82 days, what is its decay rate? (b) Find the original number of atoms before the decay.
Find the source activity of a 0.875-Ci sample of 2411Na (sodium) 32.4 h before certification if its half-life is 14.95 h.
1. Find the energy of an electron in its ground-state energy level in a hydrogen atom.2. Find the energy of an electron in the n = 3 energy level in a hydrogen atom.3. Find the energy given off by an
Find the wavelength of the photon given off in the transition in Problem 3.In Problem 3. Find the energy given off by an electron in a hydrogen atom undergoing a transition from the n = 3 to the n =
Find the wavelength of a photon given off in a hydrogen-filled neon tube undergoing a transition from the n = 3 to the n = 2 energy level.
1. Which atom has the n = 2 energy level filled?2. Which atom has the n = 1 energy level filled?3. Which atom is one electron short of having the n = 2 energy level filled?4. Which atom has just one
For each given isotope, find (a) Its atomic mass number, (b) Its atomic number, (c) Its neutron number, (d) The number of protons,(e) The number of nucleons,(f) The number of neutrons. 1. 126C2.
From the Periodic Table, find(a) The atomic number(b) The atomic mass for each element.1. Na (sodium)2. Fe (iron)3. Pb (lead)4. Cl (chlorine)5. The nucleus of a certain element contains 6 protons and
Use the Periodic Table to determine the following:1. Which of the elements Br and Ca would be expected to be more acidic?2. Which of the elements Br and Ca would be expected to be a stronger base?3.
1. Find the mass in kilograms of the 23992U atom if its mass in atomic mass units is 232.037131 u.2. Find the mass in kilograms of the 22890Th atom if its mass in atomic mass units is 228.028716 u.
Find the binding energy of a 147N nucleus in MeV if the mass of the neutral N atom is 14.00307 u
Find the binding energy of a 23292U nucleus in MeV if the mass of the neutral U atom is 232.037131 u.
Find the binding energy of a 22890 Th nucleus in MeV if the mass of the neutral Th atom is 228.028716 u.
Estimate the average binding energy per nucleon for each of the following nuclei from Figure. 23.11.1. 4822Ti2. 14158Ba3.126C
Find the half-life of a radioactive sample if its decay constant is 1.72 x 104 decays/s.
Find the half-life of a radioactive sample if its decay constant is 8.25 x 10-6 decays/s.
Find the remaining quantity of 12455Cs from an original sample of 50.0 g after 4.00 min. Its half-life is 30.8 s.
Find the remaining quantity of radon 222 from an original sample of 75.0 g after 10.0 days. Its half-life is 3.82 days.
Find the percent of a sample of 12455Cs that will decay in the next 10.0 s. Its half-life is 30.8 s.
Find the percent of a sample of 23892U that will decay in the next 975 years. Its half-life is 4.47 x 109 years.
Find the remaining quantity of 146Curanium 238 atoms from an original sample of 5.50 x 1020 atoms after 2.45 billion years. Its half-life is 4.50 billion years.
Find the remaining quantity of 146C from an original sample of 3.75 x 1021 atoms after 1000 years. Its half-life is 5730 years.
Find the percent of a 146C sample that will decay in the next 3000 years. Its half-life is 5730 years.
Find the percent of a radioactive sample of half-life 2.35 s that will decay in the next second.
Find the source activity of a 1.24-Ci sample of 137N (nitrogen) 20.0 min after certification. Its half-life is 10.0 min.
Find the source activity of a 2.64-Ci sample of 146C (carbon) after certification. Its half-life is 5370 yr.
Find the source activity of a 0.476-Ci sample of 2411Na (sodium) 36.5 h after certification. Its half-life is 14.95 h.
Find the source activity of a 3.98-Ci sample of 116C (carbon) 10.3 h after certification. Its half-life is 20.4 min.
Find the source activity of a 10.0-Ci sample of 22688Ra (radium) 125 yr after certification. Its half-life is 1590 yr.
Find the source activity of a 4.00-Ci sample of 13153I (iodine) 6.00 h after certification. Its half-life is 8.06 days.
Find the source activity of a 75.0-µCi sample of 21484Po (polonium) 5.00µs after certification. Its half-life is 1.50 x 10–4 s.
1. List four inert atoms from the Periodic Table.2. List four metals from the Periodic Table.3. Find the mass in kilograms of the 158O atom. Its mass in atomic mass units is 15.003065 u.4. Find the
1. Estimate the average binding energy for 10244Ru from Figure.2. Estimate the average binding energy for 15363Eu from Figure.3. Estimate the average binding energy for 18775Re from Figure.4. Find
Find the remaining quantity of iodine 131 atoms from an original sample of 8.33 x 1018 atoms after 34.4 days. Its half-life is 8.04 days.
Find the energy of the electron in the n = 5 energy level of a hydrogen atom.
Find the energy of the photon given off when the electron in Problem 1 transitions down to the n = 3 energy level.
Find the binding energy in MeV of a 8638Sr atom. The mass of the neutral Sr atom is 85.909266 u.
Find the percent of a strontium 88 sample that will decay in the next 2.40 yr. Its half-life is 29.1 yr.
Find the percent of an osmium 191 sample that will decay in the next 2.00 h. Its half-life is 15.4 days.
Find the source activity of a 2.43-Ci sample of osmium 191 43.3 days after certification. Its half-life is 15.4 days.
Find the source activity of a 3.79-Ci sample of nitrogen 13 43.0 min after certification. Its half-life is 10.0 min.
Find the source activity of a 9.41-Ci sample of carbon 11 95.4 min after certification. Its half-life is 20.4 min.
Find the source activity of a 6.75-Ci sample of 23892U (uranium) one billion years after certification. Its half-life is 4.5 x 109 yr.

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