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physics
modern physics

Questions and Answers of Modern Physics

(a) What object distance is required to give an image with a magnification of +2.0? Assume that the focal length of the lens is +5.0 cm. (b) What is the location of the image in this case?
Suppose the convex lens is replaced with a concave lens with a focal length of -5.0 cm. (a) Where must the object be placed to form an image with a magnification of 0.50? (b) What is the location
(a) How rapidly does the distance between you and your mirror image decrease if you walk directly toward a mirror with a speed of 2.9 m/s? (b) Repeat part (a) for the case in which you walk toward a
You are 1.8 m tall and stand 2.8 m from a plane mirror that extends vertically upward from the floor. On the floor 1.0 m in front of the mirror is a small table, 0.80 m high. What is the minimum
The rear window in a car is approximately a rectangle, 1.7 m wide and 0.45 m high. The inside rearview mirror is 0.50 m from the driver's eyes, and 1.90 m from the rear window. What are the minimum
You hold a small plane mirror 0.50 m in front of your eyes, as shown in FIGURE 26-61 (not to scale). The mirror is 0.32 m high, and in it you see the image of a tall building behind you.In figure
Two rays of light converge toward each other, as shown in FIGURE 26-62, forming an angle of 27Â°. Before they intersect, however, they are reflected from a circular plane mirror with a diameter of
Astronomers often use large mirrors in their telescopes to gather as much light as possible from faint distant objects. Should the mirror in their telescopes be concave or convex? Explain.
A section of a sphere has a radius of curvature of 0.72 m. If this section is painted with a reflective coating on both sides, what is the focal length of (a) The convex side (b) The concave side?
A mirrored-glass gazing globe in a garden is 31.9 cm in diameter. What is the focal length of the globe?
The angle between the Sun and a rescue aircraft is 54°. What should be the angle of incidence for sunlight on a plane mirror so that the rescue pilot sees the reflected light?
Sunlight reflects from a concave piece of broken glass, converging to a point 18 cm from the glass. What is the radius of curvature of the glass?
You hold a shiny tablespoon at arm's length and look at the back side of the spoon. (a) Is the image you see of yourself upright or inverted? (b) Is the image enlarged or reduced? (c) Is the image
You hold a shiny tablespoon at arm's length and look at the front side of the spoon. (a) Is the image you see of yourself upright or inverted? (b) Is the image enlarged or reduced? (c) Is the
An object is placed to the left of a concave mirror, beyond its focal point. In which direction will the image move when the object is moved farther to the left?
An object is placed to the left of a convex mirror. In which direction will the image move when the object is moved farther to the left?
A small object is located 36.0 cm in front of a concave mirror with a radius of curvature of 48.0 cm. Where will the image be formed?
An object with a height of 33 cm is placed 2.0 m in front of a concave mirror with a focal length of 0.75 m. (a) Determine the approximate location and size of the image using a ray diagram. (b) Is
An object with a height of 33 cm is placed 2.0 m in front of a convex mirror with a focal length of - 0.75 m. (a) Determine the approximate location and size of the image using a ray diagram. (b) Is
Find the location and magnification of the image produced by the mirror in Problem 26 using the mirror and magnification equations. In problem 26 An object with a height of 33 cm is placed 2.0 m in
Find the location and magnification of the image produced by the mirror in Problem 27 using the mirror and magnification equations. In problem 27 An object with a height of 33 cm is placed 2.0 m in
The reflecting surfaces of two mirrors form a vertex with an angle of 110°. If a ray of light strikes mirror 1 with an angle of incidence of 45°, find the angle of reflection of the ray when it
During a daytime football game you notice that a player's reflective helmet forms an image of the Sun 4.8 cm behind the surface of the helmet. What is the radius of curvature of the helmet, assuming
A convex mirror on the passenger side of a car produces an image of a vehicle that is 18.3 m from the mirror. If the image is located 55.4 cm behind the mirror, what is the radius of curvature of the
A magician wishes to create the illusion of a 2.74-m-tall elephant. He plans to do this by forming a virtual image of a 50.0-cm-tall model elephant with the help of a spherical mirror. (a) Should the
A person 1.8 m tall stands 0.86 m from a reflecting globe in a garden. (a) If the diameter of the globe is 18 cm, where is the image of the person, relative to the surface of the globe? (b) How
Shaving>makeup mirrors typically have one flat and one concave (magnifying) surface. You find that you can project a magnified image of a lightbulb onto the wall of your bathroom if you hold the
The 200-inch-diameter concave mirror of the Hale telescope on Mount Palomar has a focal length of 16.9 m. An astronomer stands 20.0 m in front of this mirror. (a) Where is her image located? Is it
A concave mirror produces a virtual image that is three times as tall as the object. (a) If the object is 16 cm in front of the mirror, what is the image distance? (b) What is the focal length of
A concave mirror produces a real image that is three times as large as the object. (a) If the object is 22 cm in front of the mirror, what is the image distance? (b) What is the focal length of
The virtual image produced by a convex mirror is one-third the size of the object. (a) If the object is 27 cm in front of the mirror, what is the image distance? (b) What is the focal length of
You view a nearby tree in a concave mirror. The inverted image of the tree is 4.8 cm high and is located 7.0 cm in front of the mirror. If the tree is 28 m from the mirror, what is its height?
A ray of light reflects from a plane mirror with an angle of incidence of 27°. If the mirror is rotated by an angle θ, through what angle is the reflected ray rotated?
A shaving/makeup mirror produces an erect image that is magnified by a factor of 2.2 when your face is 25 cm from the mirror. What is the mirror's radius of curvature?
A concave mirror with a focal length of 36 cm produces an image whose distance from the mirror is one-third the object distance. Find the object and image distances.
When a ray of light enters a glass lens surrounded by air, it slows down. (a) As it leaves the glass, does its speed increase, decrease, or stay the same? (b) Choose the best explanation from among
A humorous scene in Akira Kurosawa's classic film The Seven Samurai shows the young samurai Kikuchiyo wading into a small stream and plucking a fish from it for his dinner.(a) As Kikuchiyo looks
(a) Imagine for a moment that the Earth has no atmosphere. Over the period of a year, is the number of daylight hours at your home greater than, less than, or equal to the number of nighttime hours?
A kitchen has twin side-by-side sinks. One sink is filled with water, the other is empty. (a) Does the sink with water appear to be deeper, shallower, or the same depth as the empty sink? (b)
Light travels a distance of 0.902 m in 4.00 ns in a given substance. What is the index of refraction of this substance?
Light enters a container of benzene at an angle of 43° to the normal; the refracted beam makes an angle of 27° with the normal. Calculate the index of refraction of benzene.
The angle of refraction of a ray of light traveling into an ice cube from air is 46°. Find the angle of incidence.
One of the many works published by the Greek astronomer Ptolemy (A.D. ca. 100-170) was Optics. In this book Ptolemy reports the results of refraction experiments he conducted by observing light
A small vertical mirror hangs on the wall, 1.40 m above the floor. Sunlight strikes the mirror, and the reflected beam forms a spot on the floor 2.50 m from the wall. Later in the day, you notice
A submerged scuba diver looks up toward the calm surface of a freshwater lake and notes that the Sun appears to be 35° from the vertical. The diver's friend is standing on the shore of the lake. At
A pond with a total depth (ice + water) of 3.25 m is covered by a transparent layer of ice, with a thickness of 0.38 m. Find the time required for light to travel vertically from the surface of the
Light is refracted as it travels from a point A in medium 1 to a point B in medium 2. If the index of refraction is 1.33 in medium 1 and 1.51 in medium 2, how much time does it take for light to go
You have a semicircular disk of glass with an index of refraction of n = 1.52. Find the incident angle Î¸ for which the beam of light in FIGURE 26-64 will hit the indicated point on the
The observer in FIGURE 26-65 is positioned so that the far edge of the bottom of the empty glass (not to scale) is just visible. When the glass is filled to the top with water, the center of the
A coin is lying at the bottom of a pool of water that is 5.5 feet deep. Viewed from directly above the coin, how far below the surface of the water does the coin appear to be? (The coin is assumed to
A ray of light enters the long side of a 45°-90°-45° prism and undergoes two total internal reflections, as indicated in FIGURE 26-66.In figure 26-66.The result is a reversal in the ray's
A glass paperweight with an index of refraction n rests on a desk, as shown in FIGURE 26-67. An incident ray of light enters the horizontal top surface of the paperweight at an angle Î¸ = 77Â° to
Suppose the glass paperweight in Figure 26-67 has an index of refraction n = 1.38.In figure 26-67(a) Find the value of u for which the reflection on the vertical surface of the paperweight exactly
While studying physics at the library late one night, you notice the image of the desk lamp reflected from the varnished tabletop. When you turn your Polaroid sunglasses sideways, the reflected image
Sunlight enters a room at an angle of 32Â° above the horizontal and reflects from a small mirror lying flat on the floor. The reflected light forms a spot on a wall that is 2.0 m behind the mirror,
A horizontal beam of light enters a 45Â°-90Â°-45Â° prism at the center of its long side, as shown in FIGURE 26-68. The emerging ray moves in a direction that is 34Â° below the horizontal.
A laser beam enters one of the sloping faces of the equilateral glass prism 1n = 1.422 in FIGURE 26-69 and refracts through the prism. Within the prism the light travels horizontally. What is the
(a) Use a ray diagram to determine the approximate location of the image produced by a concave lens when the object is at a distance 1/2 |ƒ| from the lens.(b) Is the image upright or inverted?(c) Is
(a) Use a ray diagram to determine the approximate location of the image produced by a concave lens when the object is at a distance 2 |ƒ| from the lens.(b) Is the image upright or inverted?(c) Is
An object is a distance ƒ > 2 from a convex lens.(a) Use a ray diagram to find the approximate location of the image.(b) Is the image upright or inverted?(c) Is the image real or virtual? Explain.
An object is a distance 2ƒ from a convex lens.(a) Use a ray diagram to find the approximate location of the image.(b) Is the image upright or inverted?(c) Is the image real or virtual? Explain.
Two lenses that are 35 cm apart are used to form an image, as shown in FIGURE 26-70. Lens 1 is converging and has a focal length Æ’1 = 14 cm; lens 2 is diverging and has a focal length
Two lenses that are 35 cm apart are used to form an image, as shown in FIGURE 26-71. Lens 1 is diverging and has a focal length Æ’1 = -7.0 cm; lens 2 is converging and has a focal length
A convex lens is held over a piece of paper outdoors on a sunny day. When the paper is held 26 cm below the lens, the sunlight is focused on the paper and the paper ignites. What is the focal length
A concave lens has a focal length of -39 cm. Find the image distance and magnification that result when an object is placed 31 cm in front of the lens.
You stand 1.50 m in front of a wall and gaze downward at a small vertical mirror mounted on it. In this mirror you can see the reflection of your shoes. If your eyes are 1.85 m above your feet,
When an object is located 38 cm to the left of a lens, the image is formed 22 cm to the right of the lens. What is the focal length of the lens?
An object with a height of 2.54 cm is placed 36.3 mm to the left of a lens with a focal length of 35.0 mm. (a) Where is the image located? (b) What is the height of the image?
A lens for a digital camera has a focal length given by ƒ = 45.0 mm. (a) How close to the image sensor should the lens be placed to form a sharp image of an object that is 5.00 m away? (b) What is
An object is located to the left of a convex lens whose focal length is 34 cm. The magnification produced by the lens is m = 3.0.(a) To increase the magnification to 4.0, should the object be moved
You have two lenses at your disposal, one with a focal length ƒ1 = +40.0 cm, the other with a focal length ƒ2 = -40.0 cm.(a) Which of these two lenses would you use to project an image of a
(a) Determine the distance from lens 1 to the final image for the system shown in Figure 26-70.In figure 26-70(b) What is the magnification of this image?
(a) Determine the distance from lens 1 to the final image for the system shown in Figure 26-71.(b) What is the magnification of this image?In figure 26-71
An object is located to the left of a concave lens whose focal length is -34 cm. The magnification produced by the lens is m = 1/3(a) To decrease the magnification to m = 1/4, should the object be
Albert is nearsighted, and without his eyeglasses he can focus only on objects less than 2.2 m away.(a) Are Albert's eyeglasses concave or convex? Explain.(b) To correct Albert's nearsightedness, his
A small insect viewed through a convex lens is 1.8 cm from the lens and appears 2.5 times larger than its actual size. What is the focal length of the lens?
Standing 2.3 m in front of a small vertical mirror, you see the reflection of your belt buckle, which is 0.72 m below your eyes.(a) What is the vertical location of the mirror relative to the level
A friend tells you that when he takes off his eyeglasses and holds them 23 cm above a printed page the image of the print is erect but reduced to 0.67 of its actual size. (a) Is the image real or
A friend tells you that when she takes off her eyeglasses and holds them 23 cm above a printed page the image of the print is erect but enlarged to 1.5 times its actual size.(a) Is the image real or
Referring to Figure 26-52, which color, violet or red, travels more rapidly through water? Explain.In figure 26-52
You take a picture of a rainbow with an infrared camera, and your friend takes a picture at the same time with visible light. (a) Is the height of the rainbow in the infrared picture greater than,
The index of refraction for red light in a certain liquid is 1.305; the index of refraction for violet light in the same liquid is 1.336. Find the dispersion (θv - θr) for red and violet light when
A horizontal incident beam consisting of white light passes through an equilateral prism, like the one shown in Figure 26-69. What is the dispersion (Î¸v - Î¸r) of the
The focal length of a lens is inversely proportional to the quantity (n - 1), where n is the index of refraction of the lens material. The value of n, however, depends on the wavelength of the light
A T. rex chases the heroes of Steven Spielberg's Jurassic Park as they desperately try to escape in their Jeep. The T. rex is closing in fast, as they can see in the outside rearview mirror. Near the
If a lens is immersed in water, its focal length changes, as discussed in Conceptual Example 26-17. (a) If a spherical mirror is immersed in water, does its focal length increase, decrease, or stay
A glass slab surrounded by air causes a sideways displacement in a beam of light. (a) If the slab is now placed in water, does the displacement it causes increase, decrease, or stay the same? (b)
How many times does the light beam shown in FIGURE 26-59 reflect from(a) The top(b) The bottom mirror?In figure 26-59
Suppose we mold a hollow piece of plastic into the shape of a double concave lens. The "lens" is watertight, and its interior is filled with air. We now place this lens in water and shine a beam of
Standing 2.5 m in front of a small vertical mirror you see the reflection of your belt buckle, which is 0.70 m below your eyes. If you remain 2.5 m from the mirror but climb onto a stool, how high
The Galileo thermometer, or Termometro Lentos (slow thermometer in Italian), consists of a vertical, cylindrical flask containing a fluid and several glass floats of different color. The floats all
(a) Find the two locations where an object can be placed in front of a concave mirror with a radius of curvature of 46.0 cm such that its image is twice its size.(b) In each of these cases, state
A convex mirror with a focal length of -85 cm is used to give a truck driver a view behind the vehicle. (a) If a person who is 1.7 m tall stands 2.2 m from the mirror, where is the person's image
The three laser beams shown in FIGURE 26-73 meet at a point at the back of a solid, transparent sphere.In figure 26-73(a) What is the index of refraction of the sphere? (b) Is there a finite index
A film of oil, with an index of refraction of 1.48 and a thickness of 1.50 cm, floats on a pool of water, as shown in FIGURE 26-74. A beam of light is incident on the oil at an angle of 60.0° to
FIGURE 26-75 shows a ray of light entering one end of an optical fiber at an angle of incidence Î¸i = 50.0Â°. The index of refraction of the fiber is 1.62.In figure 26-75(a) Find the angle Î¸
Suppose the fiber depicted in Figure 26-75 has an index of refraction of 1.62 and its curved surface is surrounded by a cladding material with an index of refraction of 1.52.In figure 26-75(a) What
An arrow 2.00 cm long is located 75.0 cm from a lens that has a focal length Æ’ = 30.0 cm.(a) If the arrow is perpendicular to the principal axis of the lens, as in FIGURE 26-76 (a), what
When you open your eyes underwater, everything looks blurry. Can this be thought of as an extreme case of nearsightedness or farsightedness? Explain.
Does chromatic aberration occur in mirrors? Explain.

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