Questions and Answers of Business Economics And Finance

Explore the unique contribution of nurses in policy formation.
Detail points of influence in policy formation.
Describe the policy process.
Describe U.S. governmental structures.
Describe basic elements of organizational financial statements.
Determine board types of greatest personal interest and develop a plan toward board appointment.
Describe board selection processes.
Identify personal skills and growth areas for board membership.
Describe the impact of the Sarbanes–Oxley Act on health care organizations.
Illustrate common management structures.
Detail the differences between governance and management.
Describe the role, responsibilities, and differences among categories of oversight boards.
consider the impact of ethical decision-making models on health care; and discern moral distress.
discuss an ethic of caring;
describe Rawls’s theory of justice;
compare and contrast utilitarianism, deontology, and virtue ethics;
Detail the relationship between health care ethics and health care economics.
Consider the relationship between individually focused ethical perspectives and population-based perspectives.
Describe classic principles of health care ethics.
Consider the impact of antitrust law on health care and the role of the nurse.
Describe Stark Law regulations and considerations in the era of value-based care.
Discuss contemporary trends in health care mergers and acquisitions, and their impact on costs.
Describe the basic elements of antitrust law.
Explain the rationale for Certificate of Need (CON) legislation.
Consider new and emerging roles for RNs in a data-rich world striving to reduce unnecessary variation in health care delivery.
Address persistent health care challenges such as price variability, surprise billing, and the lack of price transparency.
Discuss emerging health care trends such as data science, big data, artificial intelligence, machine and deep learning, natural language processing (NLP), and block chain.
Describe the role of information in economic decision-making.
Discuss essential nursing knowledge in the reformed health system.
Illustrate essential dimensions of emerging payment models along a range from fee-for-service at one end to the other end of the continuum, global capitation.
Describe the limitation of fee-for-service reimbursement for health care services.
Discuss the concept of demand in health care, including supplierinduced demand, small area variation, and moral hazard.
Explain key-related strategies such as cost sharing.
Contrast the implications of “the buyers bear the consequences of their decisions” between classic free markets and health care markets and decision-making.
Describe fundamental flaws in traditional U.S. health care financing powerfully revealed during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Detail contemporary policy debates such as Medicare for All, Medicare for All Who Want It, and other public options.
Describe the financing approach of the ACA and subsequent changes to it.
Discuss early payment reform models such as prospective payment and health maintenance organizations (HMOs).
Detail the historic context that gave rise to contemporary health care financing mechanisms and the biomedical orientation to care.
Describe the impact of other laws and court decisions on the ACA.
Discuss aspects of the ACA designed to increase American’s access to health care insurance.
Detail insurance reform elements of the ACA.
Illustrate elements related to payment of health care services, such as third-party payers, commercial insurance, and cost shifting.
Describe how health care is paid for in the United States.
Define health economics and differentiate it from related concepts such as health financing and reimbursement.
Use integration by parts to determine each of the following indefinite integrals: (a) (c) S 20x(x+9)4 dx 36.x dx (x+8)5 6.x (e) f dx x+13 (g) 7xex-3 dx (b) 42x(x-3)5 dx -18.x (d) S dx (x-7)3 (f)
Use integration by substitution to determine the indefinite integral for each of the following functions: (a) 252x2 (7x- 12) dx (c) 672x(8x29)5 dx -576x2 (e) S dx (8x+13)5 18x3 (g) f 9x4 - 5 (i)
Evaluate the area between the curves over the stated interval for each of the following sets of functions, after having drawn the curves on your own: (a) y = 2x-8 and y2 = -2x+4 from x = -3 to x = 2
Evaluate each of the following definite integrals: (a) (8x+7) dx (c) 125 (4x-1/3-x-2/3) dx (e) 22(6x+10x+3) dx (b) 12 (15x-6x) dx (d) f 20(x-7) dx (f) 0.25 (12e-31-8e-21) dt
Evaluate each of the following definite integrals: (a) 9x dx (d) f8x-1dx (g) 0.5-42e-6 dt (b) -60x-2 dx (c) 2.5x-1/2 dx (f) f 3/5 dt (e) 27 dx +36 (h) 15xdx
Find the indefinite integrals for each of the following, given an initial condition or a boundary condition. (a) (16x-21x2/5) dx, given F(0) = 13. (c) (3x8-2x-4) dx, given F(1) = -4. (b) (18x+4x) dx,
Find the producers’ surplus PS for each of the following supply curves at the level indicated. (a) PQ+40 + 60; 20 = 5, Po = 85 20 From (12.9), PS = Qo Po- g(Q) dQ PS 5(85) - (Q +40 +60) dQ - PS =
Find the consumers’ surplus CS for each of the following demand curves at the level indicated. (a) P=375-302; 20 = 10, Po = 75 From (12.8), 20 CS = CS = = 10 10 f(Q) dQ - Qo Po (375 302) dQ -
Find the present value of $15,000 to be paid each year for 8 years when the interest rate is 7.5 percent compounded continuously.Substituting in (12.7), 15,000 P (1-e-(0.075)(8)) 0.075
Find the present value of $7500 to be paid each year for 4 years when the interest rate is 10 percent compounded continuously. From (12.7), Substituting, P = (1-e) 7500 P = 0.1 P (1-e-(0.1)(4)) =
A car depreciates rapidly in value in its first few years and more slowly in later years. Given the rate at which the value of a car depreciates over the years, V’(t) = 300(t – 8) for 0 ≤ t ≤
Maintenance costs M(t) in a factory increase as plant and equipment get older. Given the rate of increase in maintenance costs in dollars per year M’(t) = 75t2 + 9000, where t is the number of
A manufacturer’s marginal profit is π’ = –3x2 + 80x + 140. Find the additional profit π earned by increasing production from 2 units to 4 units. (4) -(2) (-3x + 80.x + 140) dx = (-x +40x +
Find the additional total revenue from increasing sales from 100 to 250 units for the producer in pure competition for whom MR =15. TR(250) TR(100) = - 250 +250 MR dx = 15 dx 100 100 = [15] 200 =
Find the additional total revenue derived from increasing daily sales from 5 to 9 units, given MR =270 - 8*. TR(9) TR(5) : MR dx = (270-8x) dx = [270x - 4x] = 2106 1250 - 1250856
Find TR, given MR = 185 – 0.4x – 0.3x2. TR= (185 -0.4x0.3x) dx = 185x -0.2x2 -0.1x3
A firm’s marginal revenue is MR = 425 – 0.5x – 0.15x2. Find the total revenue TR.Since there is no revenue when there are no sales, TR(0) = 0. In integrating a MR function to find a TR
A producer’s marginal cost isWhat is the total cost TC of producing 2 extra units if 6 units are currently being produced? MC = x-x+320.
Find the total cost function TC given the marginal cost function MC = x2 – 5x + 89 and fixed costs of $225.Substituting FC = 225 for c, TC = 10 (x-5x+89) dx = x- 2.5x + 89x+c
A firm’s marginal cost function is MC = x2 – 6x + 125, where x is the number of units produced.Fixed costs are $280. Find the total cost TC of producing x units.Substituting the fixed cost
Use integration by parts to find the indefinite integral for each of the following natural exponential functions. (a) (x+5)e (x+5)e* dx Let f(x)=x+5 and g'(x) = ex; then f'(x) = 1 and g(x) = fe* dx =
Use integration by parts to find the indefinite integral for each of the following functions involving a radical. (a) 30xv9+xd.x Let f (x) = 30x and g'(x) = (9+x)/; then f'(x) = 30 and g(x) = (9+ x)/
Use integration by parts to find the indefinite integral for each of the following functions involving a quotient. (a) (b) (x+7) 24.x dx Let f (x) = 24x and g'(x) = (x+7)4; then '(x) = 24 and g(x) =
Use integration by parts to find the indefinite integral for each of the following functions involving a product. Check your answers on your own, recalling that the product rule is needed to check an
Redo Problem 12.22, given 36x52x dx 36 Letting u = 2x6; then du/dx = 12x5, dx = du/12x5, and Integrating 30 du e" [ 361 21 dx = [36x-e" - 123 = 3 e du 12x5 e" du=3e" + c 3/ 3e" Substituting, 36
Use integration by substitution to find the indefinite integral for the following natural exponential function. 6xe3x dx Let u=3x; then du/dx =6x and dx = du/6x. Substituting, 6xe3x du dx = 6x-e" =
Redo Problem 12.20, given 15.x4 6x5-34 dx Letting u = 6x534; then du/dx = 30x4 and dx = du/30x4. Substituting, Integrating == 15.x4 - = 15 15x4. 1 du dx = -1/2 du = = 1 u 30x4 2 2u1/2+c=u1/2 +0 -1/2
Use integration by substitution to determine the indefinite integral for the following function involving a radical. 72x8x +5dx 72x. Let u=8x3 +5, then du/dx = 24x2 and dx = du/24x2. Substituting in
Redo Problem 12.18, given 10.x2 dx 5x38 Letting u=5x-8, then du/dx = 15x2 and dx = du/15x2. Substituting, Integrating, Substituting, 10.x2 dx = 5.x38 = 10x 1 du 15x2 = 21 -du = 2 1-1 du 3 u 3 23
Use integration by substitution to determine the indefinite integral for the following function involving a quotient. 72.x (9x + 2)5 2)s dx Let u9x+2; then du/dx = 18x and dx = du/18x. Substituting,
Redo Problem 12.16, given 84x (7x2-4)3 dx
Use integration by substitution to determine the indefinite integral for the following function involving a product. Check the answer on your own.Selecting as u the function in which the independent
Redo Problem 12.12, given y1 = –x2 + 10 y2 = –x2 + 4x + 2 from x = 0 to x = 3 (a) See Fig. 12-13. 10 9 y y=-x+10 8 7 6+ 5+ 4 3 2 2 3 y2 = x+4x+2 4 + 5 +x 9
Redo Problem 12.12, given y1 = 6x y2 = 2x2 – 8x + 12 from x = 0 to x = 3(a) See Fig. 12-12.(b) y 12 20 y =6x 10 8 6+ 4 2 y2 = 2x- 8x + 12 +x at 2 3 4 5
Redo Problem 12.12, given y1 = x + 2 y2 = 12 – 1.5x from x = 0 to x = 6(a) See Fig. 12-11.(b) y 202 12 10 8. 6+ 4 y =x+2 2 + y, = 12 1.5r + x ++ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
(a) Draw graphs for the following functions and (b) evaluate the area between the curves over the stated interval:y1 = x y2 = 3 from x = 0 to x = 5 Notice the shift in the relative position of the
Redo Problem 12.8, given y1 = 4x – 8x + 7 y2 = –5x2 + 10x – 3 from x = 0 to x = 2(a) See Fig. 12-9. y y = 4x-8x+7 7 9 5 4 3 3 2 - -3+ 12 3 x y2=-5x+10x-31
Redo Problem 12.8, given y1 = 5x + 20 y2 = 30 – 5x2 from x = –2 to x = 1(a) See Fig. 12-8. -2 30 25 20 15 10 5 y y =5x+20 2 y2=30-5x2 +x 3.
Redo Problem 12.8, given y1 = 6 y2 = x2 – 3 from x = –3 to x = 3(a) See Fig. 12-7. -2 6 y 2x-3. y = 6 5+ 4+ 3+ 2 1+ -1 -2 3 -2 3 x '
(a) Draw graphs for the following functions, and (b) evaluate the area between the curves over the stated interval:y1 = 8 – x2 and y2 = –x + 6 from x = –1 to x = 2(a) See Fig. 12-6.(b) From
Evaluate the definite integrals given below. 16 25 (5x+x-1/2) dx+ + L (5x+x-1/2) dx. 16 Show JO 25 *(5x + x^~^\/) dx = f (5x + x^] (5x+x-1/2) 25 (5x+x-1/2) dx + +10 (5 (5x+x-1/2) dx = (2.5x +
Evaluate the definite integrals given below. Show (6x18x) dx = = (6x + 18x) dx + L Libr. L(6x + 18x) dx. (6x + 18x) dx = (2x +9x2) = (2.r +9x) | 3 135 27 108 = [(6x + 18x) dx = (2x + 9x) | 3 =
Evaluate the definite integrals given below. (9x + 4x) dx (a) 1 (9x2 109x+4x L (b) (8x1/3 + 4x +4x-1/3) dx (9x + 4x) dx = [3x + 2x] = (3(2)3 + 2(2)) - (3(1) +2(1)) = 32-5=27 (8x1/3 + 4x-1/3) dx =
Find the antiderivative for each of the following, given an initial condition F(0) = k (a constant), or a boundary condition F(a) = k (a ≠ 0). (a) [ (25x" (25x1/4 +16x1/3) dx, given the initial
Determine the following indefinite integrals. (a) 15e" 15e/4 dt (b) 2/3 dx | 15/4, 15e1/4 dt = S e(1/4) dt = 15 [(1/4)]e(1/4) + c = 60e1/4 + c 1 x/3 dx = 5/33/3 + c = 15/3 + 0 dx (c) 4x (d) Sa dt
Find the following indefinite integrals. Check the answers on your own by making sure that thederivative of the antiderivative equals the integrand. (a) [8dx | (b) -16dx (c) [xdx x dx (d) | a dx (e)
Combine rules to differentiate the following functions: (a) f(x) = (e-5x)3 (c) f(x) = (ex + 2x) 3 (e) f(x) = In (3x-7) (g) f(x) = In 5x4 (b) y = 7xe4x e6x (d) y= 2x+1 (f) y=8x2 In x3 (h) y = e-t In x
Differentiate each of the following natural logarithmic functions: (a) y = In (2x2-5) (d) f(x) = In (x3 + 4x29x+16) (b) f(x)=In 17x (e) y3ln 6x4 (c) y = In 9x5 (f) f(x)=2ln (5x34)
Differentiate each of the following natural exponential functions: (a) f(x) = e-9x (d) y = 6e4x-17 (b) y=e5r (e) f(x)=e(1/3).x (c) f(x)=7e8-32 (f) y = -es-x
Simplify the following natural exponential expressions: (a) y = (ex)-1/2 e4x (b) y = (c) y = 5x e7x (d) y = e-4y
Simplify the following exponential expressions: (a) y=a5x. a8y (b) y = 22- (c) y = (ax)2y a7y (d) y=a7x
Convert the following natural logarithmic expressions to sums, differences, or products: 55 (a) y = In (c) y = In (b) y = Inx (d) y = In. y5
Convert the following logarithmic expressions to sums, differences, or products: (a) y = log 38x2 (b) y = log xy4 (c) y=loga (7x/9y) (d) y = log(x/y)
Solve each of the following for the unknown variable or parameter: = (a) y log11 121 (d) log64 x = (b) y = log3 (1) (e) loga 9 = (c) log3 x = 5 (f) loga ()=-
Change the following natural exponential expressions to their equivalent natural logarithmic forms: = e (a) 6.7 1.90211 (d) 43 = 3.76120 (b) 0.25 e (e) y = 0.061 -1.38629 (c) 1224.80402 (f) y=e51+8

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