Read the following passage carefully and then attempt the questions given below.

The growth of toleration is nearly always a slow process. Public opinion rarely changes suddenly even under the impact of modern methods of propaganda. The fight against intolerance of any kind is never an easy one, and meanwhile members of the underprivileged or persecuted group in question may suffer a great deal.

Very often they are in no position to plead their own cause, and amelioration of their position may only come about when disinterested persons can take up their cause. History provides numerous examples of men and women whose moral convictions have led them to believe that the intolerance of their fellows was a cause of serious injustice and who have devoted their lives to convincing others of the need for toleration and a humanitarian attitude.
In the same way there are Europeans today, such as the Rev. Michael Scott, who have identified themselves with the cause of non-European peoples in Mrica and by their devoted service have drawn the attention of the world to this pressing problem.
The ultimate establishment of tolerant attitudes towards the members of another social group comes about when it is clearly understood that the group in question is no longer, if indeed it ever was, a threat to those who have been intolerant. When it is understood that the existence of religious minorities is not a threat to the established Church; that slavery is not essential to prosperity; that the proper care and treatment of criminals decreases· rather than increases the threat to life and property; and that women have a place in public life which does not threaten the status of men -
then prejudice is overcome. So, when Europeans are eventually persuaded that the social, economic, and political advance of non-Europeans is not a threat, but a necessary condition of the prosperity of Europeans and nonEuropeans alike, colour prejudice will disappear.
Anthony Richmond, The Colour Problem

(a) Give the passage a tide and summarise it in about 110 of your own words.

(b) What do you understand, in the second sentence, by 'modem methods of propaganda'?

(c) What reasons can you suggest for the underprivileged or persecuted groups to be 'in no position to plead their own cause'?

(d) Suggest two abstract nouns to describe the two fundamental causes of intolerance implied by the author in the last paragraph.

(e) Explain the meaning of the following words as used in the passage:
amelioration disinterested humanitarian L.C.C. Private Secretary's Certificate