4. Are the following workers more likely to experience shortterm or long-term unemployment? Explain.

a. A construction worker laid off because of bad weather.

b. A manufacturing worker who loses her job at a plant in an isolated area.

c. A bus industry worker laid off because of competition from the railway.

d. A short-order cook who loses his job when a new restaurant opens across the street.

e. An expert welder with little formal education who loses her job when the company installs automatic welding machinery.