According to the fundamental principle of fractions expressed in Rule 1 of Section 1.4, when the numerator and denominator of a rational number are multiplied or divided by the same nonzero polynomial, the result will be equivalent to the original expression. Use this principle to reduce the following fractions to their lowest terns by finding and canceling the greatest common factor:

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(a) (c) 16 985 27z 16 68 96 36z - 63z = 16.1 = 16.6 110 6 x+7x+12 (d) x+9x+20 By factoring, (b) 21x5 3.x2 21.x5 3x.7x3 3.x2 = 3.x2.1 = 7x3 27z 9z.3 3622-632 9z (4z - 7) = 3 4z 7 x+7x+12 (x+4)(x+3) x+3 x+9x+20 (x+4)(x+5) x+5 = =