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business
organization theory and design
Questions and Answers of
Organization Theory and Design
Have System Performance Specification (SPS) requirements been allocated via multi-level item development specifications to PRODUCTs, SUBSYSTEMs, hardware configuration items (HWCIs), computer
Does the System Developer have a SYSTEM level design solution selected from a set of viable candidate solutions that represent the best balance of technical technology, cost, schedule, and support
Is there agreement between the key stakeholders—the User, Acquirer, System Developer—concerning the requirements for the system, product, or service? Do the stakeholders share a common
For your business domain, which verification methods are typically required for most contracts or tasks?
Contact a small, a medium, and a large contract program within your organization.(a) Do their respective contracts require any V&V activities?(b) How are the results to be documented?(c) Does the
Research your organization’s command media for guidance and direction for performing verification and validation (V&V) activities.(a) Identify specific requirements for V&V.(b) When are V&V
How do we validate that the specified system will meet the User’s intended operational needs?
How can we reduce development cost, schedule, technical, technology, and support risks?
How do we institute controls to protect our investment in the system development through reduction of defects and errors?
How can we reduce the cost of maintenance due to correct latent defects?
How do we avoid expensive “fixes” and “retrofits” in the field after system delivery due to latent defects?
How do we assess and maintain the technical integrity of the evolving system design solution?
Contact two or three contract programs within you organization. Interview the Technical Director or Project Engineer and SEs regarding what approaches were used to perform trade studies. Identify the
Your management has decided to procure a specific computer for an application and wants you to develop a trade study justifying the selection and present the results to corporate headquarters. How
Once the HWCI, CSCI, or HWCI/CSCI components are developed, how should they be integrated and verified to demonstrate full compliance?
For each HWCI, CSCI, or HWCI/CSCI component, what processes and methods should be employed to design and develop the entity?
Given the development approach, what should the composition of the HWCI or CSCI be in terms of hardware components or software languages, as applicable?
What development approach represents a solution that minimizes cost, schedule, and technical risk? COTS? NDI? Acquirer furnished equipment (AFE)? New development?A combination of COTS, NDI, AFE, and
How should we implement the architecture, interfaces, capabilities, and levels of performance?Equipment? Hardware? Software? Humans? Or a combination of these?
Given an architecture decision, what is the best approach to establish low risk, interoperable interfaces or interfaces to minimize susceptibility or vulnerability to external system threats?
What type of architectural approach enables the USER to best leverage the required system, product, or service capabilities and levels of performance?
What are some of the issues and risks in conducting a trade study?
How do you document, report, and present trade study results?
What is the work product of a trade study?
What is a sensitivity analysis?
What is a utility function?
How do you select trade study decision factors/criteria and weights?
What methodology is used to perform a trade study?
What is a trade space?
Why do you need to do trade studies?
When are trade studies conducted?
Who is responsible for conducting trade studies?
How are trade studies conducted?
What are the attributes of a trade study?
What is a trade study?
Investigate challenges, issues, and risks related to performing trade studies.
Suggest recommendations for presenting trade study results.
Define the format for a Trade Study Report (TSR).
Introduce a methodology for conducting a trade study.
Explore WHAT a trade study is and how it relates to a trade space.
Contact small, medium, and large contract programs within your organization.(a) How do they employ models and simulations in their technical decision-making processes?(b) What types of models do they
How are models and simulations employed in your line of business and programs?
Research your organization’s command media concerning modeling and simulation practices.(a) What requirements and guidance are provided?(b) What requirements are imposed on documenting models and
Based on a selection from the preceding chapter’s General Exercises or a new system selection, apply your knowledge derived from this chapter’s topical discussions. If you were the Acquirer of
Refer to the list of systems identified in Chapter
How is a testbed employed in SE decision making?
What is a testbed?
What is a prototype?
What is a mock-up?
How are simulations employed in SE decision making?
What is a simulation?
How are models employed in SE decision making?
What are the various types of models?
What is a model?
Contact several contract programs within your organization and research the requirements for RAM. Interview program personnel to determine the following:(a) How did they allocate and document the
Research your organization’s command media to learn what processes and methods are to be employed when conducting RAM practices. Report your findings.
When is RAM addressed in a program?
How do you improve maintainability?
How do you improve reliability?
How do you improve availability?
What is the RAM trade space?
How is maintainability determined?
What is maintainability?
How is availability determined?
What is availability?
How is reliability determined?
What is reliability?
Who is accountable for RAM?
Why are reliability, availability, and maintainability addressed as a set?
What is RAM?
Contact a small, medium, and a large contract program within you organization.(a) What guidance did they establish for design safety margins? Provide examples.(b) How were design-to parameters and
Search the Internet for papers on rate monotonic analysis (RMA). Develop a conceptual report on how you would apply RMA to the following types of systems or products or others of your choosing.
Contact an in-house program that designs real time products for deployment in external environments—such as missiles or monitoring stations. Interview SE personnel regarding the following questions
Contact an in-house program that designs real time software intensive systems for laboratory environments.Interview SE personnel regarding the following questions and prepare a report on your
What is a safety margin?
How do you establish performance budgets?
What is a performance budget?
What is a processing time?
What is a transport time?
What is a queue time?
What is a cycle time?
What is system performance analysis?
That the variations could not exceed 0.10 vdc?
That the mean value needed to be +12.30 vdc?
For systems that require performance monitoring equipment such as gages, meters, audible warnings, and flashing lights, research how SEs determined threshold values for activating the notifications
Contact a technical program in your organization. Research how the program SEs accommodated statistical variability for the following:(a) Acceptable data input and output ranges for system
WHAT upper and lower Design Safety Margins and conditions must be established for the system relative to the Normal Operating Range, Caution Range, and Warning Range?
WHAT are the thresholds and conditions for the WARNING Range?
WHAT are the UPPER and LOWER limits and conditions of the acceptable Normal Operating Range?
What is the acceptable Design Range that includes upper and lower Caution Ranges?
What is meant by the degree of correlation?
What is circular error probability (CEP)?
What development methods can be employed to improve our understanding of the variability of engineering input data?
How do SEs establish criteria for CAUTION and WARNING indicators?
How are upper and lower tolerance limits established for a design range?
What is a design range?
How do SEs establish criteria for acceptable system inputs and outputs?
How do you characterize random variations in system inputs sufficiently to bound the range?
Select two analysis reports from different contract programs.(a) What is your assessment of each report?(b) Did the program apply the right level of formality in documenting the analysis?
Contact small, medium and large contract programs within your organization.(a) What analyses were performed on the program?(b) How were the analyses documented?(c) How was the analysis task
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