Questions and Answers of Principles Algorithms And Systems

13. Translate the following C program to Pep/9 assembly language.#include int main() {char ch;scanf("%c", &ch);if ((ch >= 'A') && (ch = 'a') && (ch
12. Translate the following C program to Pep/9 assembly language.#include const int limit = 5;int main() {int number;scanf("%d", &number);while (number < limit) {number++;printf("%d ",
11. Translate the following C program to Pep/9 assembly language.#include int main() {int number;scanf("%d", &number);if (number % 2 == 0) {printf("Even");}else {printf("Odd");}return 0;}
10. What are the translation rules for accessing the field of a node pointed to by a global pointer?
9. Section 6.4 does not show how to access an element from a two-dimensional array. Describe how a two-dimensional array might be stored and the assembly language object code that would be necessary
8. In the Pep/9 program of Figure 6.40, if you enter 4 for Guess, what statement executes after the branch at 0010? Why?
7. Figure 6.26 is the run-time stack just after the second return. Draw the run-time stack, as in that figure, that corresponds to the time just before the second return.
6. Draw the values just before and just after the second CALL at 001C of Figure 6.18 executes, as they are drawn in Figure 6.19.
5. Read the papers by Bohm and Jacopini and by Dijkstra that are referred to in this chapter and write a summary of them.
4. Discover the function of the mystery program of Figure 6.16, and state in one short sentence what it does.
3. The object code for Figure 6.14 has a CPWA at 000C to test the value of j. Because the program branches to that instruction from the bottom of the loop, why doesn’t the compiler generate an LDWA
2. What is an optimizing compiler? When would you want to use one? When would you not want to use one? Explain.
1. Explain the difference in the C memory model between global and local variables. How is each allocated and accessed?
31. Write an assembly language program that corresponds to the following C program:int num;int main () {scanf("%d", &num);num = num % 16;printf("num = %d", num);return 0;}
30. Write an assembly language program that corresponds to the following C program:int num;int main () {scanf("%d", &num);num = num / 16;printf("num = %d", num);return 0;}
29. Write an assembly language program that corresponds to the following C program:int num1;int num2;int main () {scanf("%d", &num1);num2 = -num1;printf("num1 = %d", num1);printf("num2 = %d",
28. Write an assembly language program that corresponds to the following C program:char ch;int main () {scanf("%c", &ch);ch--;printf("%c", ch);return 0;}
27. Write an assembly language program that corresponds to the following C program:int width;int length;int perim;int main () {scanf("%d %d", &width, &length);perim = (width + length) *
26. Write an assembly language program that corresponds to the following C program:const int amount = 20000;int num;int sum;int main () {scanf("%d", &num);sum = num + amount;printf("sum = %d",
25. Write an assembly language program that corresponds to the following C program:const char chConst = 'a';char ch1;char ch2;int main () {scanf("%c%c", &ch1, &ch2);printf("%c%c%c", ch1, chConst,
24. Write an assembly language program that corresponds to the following C program:int num1;int num2;int main () {scanf("%d %d", &num1, &num2);printf("%d%d", num2, num1);return 0;}
23. Write an assembly language program that prints your first name on the screen. Use immediate addressing with a hexadecimal constant to designate the operand of LDBA for each letter of your name.
22. Write an assembly language program that prints your first name on the screen. Use immediate addressing with a decimal constant to designate the operand of LDBA for each letter of your name.
21. Write an assembly language program that prints your first name on the screen. Use immediate addressing with a character constant to designate the operand of LDBA for each letter of your name.
20. Write an assembly language program that prints your first name on the screen. Use the .ASCII pseudo-op to store the characters at the bottom of your program. Use the LDBA instruction with direct
18. How does a C compiler enforce type compatibility?
17. How are the symbol table of an assembler and a compiler similar? How do they differ?
16. In the following code, determine the value of the symbol this. Predict and explain the output of the assembly language program:this: DECO this,d STOP.END
15. In the following code, determine the value of the symbol this. Predict and explain the output of the assembly language program:this: HEXO this,d STOP.END
14. In the following code, determine the values of the symbols this, that, and theOther. Write the object code in hexadecimal. (Do not predict the output.)BR theOther this: .WORD 17 that: .WORD 19
13. In the following code, determine the values of the symbols here and there. Write the object code in hexadecimal. (Do not predict the output.)BR there here: .WORD 9 there: DECO here,d STOP.END
12. Determine the object code and predict the output of the following assembly language programs:*(a)DECO 'm',i LDBA '',i STBA 0xFC16,d DECO "mm",i LDBA '',i STBA 0xFC16,d LDBA 0x0026,i STBA 0xFC16,d
11. Predict the output of the program in Figure 5.13 if the dot commands are changed to.WORD 0xFE63 ;First.BYTE 0x00 ;Second.BYTE 'b' ;Third.WORD 1401 ;Fourth
10. Predict the output of the program in Figure 5.13 if the dot commands are changed to.WORD 0xFFC7 ;First.BYTE 0x00 ;Second.BYTE 'H' ;Third.WORD 873 ;Fourth
9. Predict the output of the following assembly language program if the input is g. Predict the output if the input is A. Explain the difference between the two results:LDBA 0xFC15,d ANDA 0x000A,d
8. Predict the output of the following assembly language program:LDBA 0x000E,d STBA 0xFC16,d LDBA 0x000D,d STBA 0xFC16,d STOP.ASCII "is".END
7. Predict the output of the following assembly language program:LDBA 0x0015,d STBA 0xFC16,d LDBA 0x0014,d STBA 0xFC16,d LDBA 0x0013,d STBA 0xFC16,d STOP.ASCII "gum".END
6. Convert the following assembly language pseudo-ops into hexadecimal machine language:(a) .BYTE 13(b) .ASCII "Frog\x00"(c) .WORD -6
5. Convert the following assembly language pseudo-ops into hexadecimal machine language:(a) .ASCII "Bear\x00"(b) .BYTE 0xF8(c) .WORD 790
4. Convert the following assembly language instructions into hexadecimal machine language:(a) ADDA 0x01FE,i(b) STRO 0x000D,sf(c) LDWX 0x01FF,s
3. Convert the following assembly language instructions into hexadecimal machine language:(a) ASLA(b) DECI 0x000F,s(c) BRNE 0x01E6,i
2. Convert the following machine language instructions into assembly language, assuming that they were not generated by pseudo-ops:(a) 82B7DE(b) 04 (c) DF63DF
1. Convert the following machine language instructions into assembly language, assuming that they were not generated by pseudo-ops:(a) 9AEF2A(b) 03(c) D7003D
73. Using the declarations as in Problem 72, write the function void decToBase(int baseNum[], int decNum)to convert the nonnegative decimal integer to the unsigned number in the arbitrary base.Write
72. Write a program in C to convert an unsigned number in an arbitrary base to a nonnegative decimal integer. For four-digit base 6 numbers, for example, declare const int base = 6;const int
71. Defining a hexadecimal number as in Problem 67, write the function void decToHex(int hex[], int dec)to convert a signed decimal integer to a four-digit hexadecimal number. Do not output the
70. Defining a hexadecimal number as in Problem 67, write the function int hexToDec(const int hexNum[])to convert a four-digit hexadecimal number to a signed decimal integer. Do not output the
69. Defining a hexadecimal number as in Problem 67, write the function void decToHex(int hexNum[], int decNum)to convert a nonnegative decimal integer to a four-digit hexadecimal number. Do not
68. Defining a hexadecimal number as in Problem 67, write the function int hexToDec(const int hexNum[])to convert a four-digit hexadecimal number to a nonnegative decimal integer. Do not output the
67. Write a program in C that takes as input a four-digit hexadecimal number and prints the next 10 hexadecimal numbers. Define a hexadecimal number as int hexNum[4]Allow upper- or lowercase letters
66. Write the function for Problem 65 renamed shiftRight(), using the arithmetic shift right operation.
65. Defining a binary number as in Problem 57, write the function void shiftLeft(int binNum[], int *cBit)to perform an arithmetic shift left on binNum. cBit should be the value of the carry bit after
64. Write the void function for Problem 63 renamed as binaryOr() using the OR operation.
63. Defining bAnd, bin1, and bin2 as binary numbers as in Problem 57, write the void function void binaryAnd(int bAnd[], const int bin1[], const int bin2[])to compute bAnd as the AND of the two
62. Defining a binary number as in Problem 57, write the function void decToBin(int bin[], int dec)to convert a signed decimal integer to an eight-bit two’s complement binary number. Do not output
61. Defining a binary number as in Problem 57, write the function int binToDec (const int bin[])to convert an eight-bit two’s complement binary number to a signed decimal integer. Do not output the
60. Defining sum, bin1, and bin2 as binary numbers as in Problem 57, write the void function void binaryAdd(int sum[], int *cBit, const int bin1[], const int bin2[])to compute sum as the sum of the
59. Defining a binary number as in Problem 57, write the function void decToBin(int bin[], int dec)to convert a nonnegative decimal integer to an eight-bit unsigned binary number. Do not output the
58. Defining a binary number as in Problem 57, write the function int binToDec(const int bin[])to convert an eight-bit unsigned binary number to a nonnegative decimal integer. Do not output the
57. Write a program in C that takes as input an 8-bit binary number and prints the next 10 binary numbers. Define a binary number as int binNum[8];Use binNum[0] to store the most significant (i.e.,
56. Write a program in C that takes as input a 4-digit octal number and prints the next 10 octal numbers. Define an octal number as int octNum[4];Use octNum[0] to store the most significant (i.e.,
55. For IEEE 754 double-precision floating point, write the hexadecimal representation for(a) positive zero(b) the smallest positive denormalized number(c) the largest positive denormalized number(d)
54. For IEEE 754 single-precision floating point, write the hexadecimal representation for(a) positive zero(b) the smallest positive denormalized number(c) the largest positive denormalized number(d)
53. For IEEE 754 single-precision floating point, what is the number, as written in binary scientific notation, whose hexadecimal representation is the following?*(a) 4280 0000(b) B350 0000(c) 0061
52. For IEEE 754 single-precision floating point, write the hexadecimal representation for the following decimal values:(a) 27.1015625(b) –1.0(c) – 0.0(d) 0.5(e) 0.6(f) 256.015625
51. Assuming a three-bit exponent field and a four-bit significand, what decimal values are represented by the following bit patterns?*(a) 0 010 1101(b) 1 101 0110(c) 1 111 1001(d) 0 001 0011(e) 1
50. Assuming a three-bit exponent field and a four-bit significand, write the bit pattern for the following decimal values:*(a) –12.5(b) 13.0(c) 0.43(d) 0.1015625
49. (a) With excess 7 representation, what is the range of numbers as written in binary and in decimal for a four-bit cell? (b) With excess 15 representation, what is the range of numbers as written
48. Construct a table similar to Figure 3.33 that compares all the values with a four-bit cell for excess 7 and two’s complement representation.
47. Convert the following numbers from decimal to binary:(a) 12.28125(b) 0.0234375(c) 0.7
46. Convert the following numbers from decimal to binary:(a) 13.15625(b) 0.0390625(c) 0.6
45. Convert the following numbers from binary to decimal:(a) 101.101001(b) 0.000101(c) 1.0
44. Convert the following numbers from binary to decimal:(a) 110.101001(b) 0.000011(c) 1.0
43. Octal numbers are sometimes used instead of hexadecimal numbers to represent bit sequences.*(a) How many bits does one octal number represent?How would you represent the decimal number –13 in
42. You are the chief communications officer for the Lower Slobovian army at war with the Upper Slobovians. Your spies will infiltrate the enemy’s command headquarters in an attempt to gain the
41. Decode the following UTF-8 words:(a) 56 6F 69 C3 A0(b) 4B C3 A4 73 65(c) 70 C3 A2 74 65
40. Convert the following Unicode code points to UTF-8:*(a) U+0542, Armenian(b) U+2873, Braille Pattern(c) U+4EB6, CJK Unified(d) U+13007, Egyptian Hieroglyphics
39. How is the following string of 13 characters stored in ASCII?(321)497–0015
38. How is the following string of nine characters stored in ASCII?Pay $0.92
36. Decode the following secret ASCII message (reading across):100 1000 110 0001 111 0110 110 0101 010 0000 110 0001 010 0000 110 1110 110 1001 110 0011 110 0101 010 0000 110 0100 110 0001 111 1001
35. Assuming nine-bit two’s complement binary representation, write the bit patterns for the following decimal numbers in hexadecimal:(a) –73(b) –1(c) 94
34. Assuming seven-bit two’s complement binary representation, write the bit patterns for the following decimal numbers in hexadecimal:(a) –27(b) 63(c) –1
33. Assuming nine-bit two’s complement binary representation, convert the following numbers from hexadecimal to decimal. Remember to check the sign bit:(a) 1B4(b) 0F5(c) 100
32. Assuming seven-bit two’s complement binary representation, convert the following numbers from hexadecimal to decimal. Remember to check the sign bit:(a) 5D(b) 2F(c) 40
31. The technique for converting from decimal to any base will work, with some modification, for bases other than binary. (a) Explain the method to convert from decimal to octal. (b)Explain the
30. This chapter mentions the method of converting from decimal to hexadecimal but gives no examples. Use the method to convert the following decimal numbers to hexadecimal:*(a) 26,831(b) 4096(c) 9
29. Convert the following numbers from hexadecimal to decimal:*(a) 2D5E(b) 2F(c) 7
28. Count the next five numbers in hexadecimal, starting with the following:*(a) 3AB7(b) 6FD(c) B9E
27. (a) Write the RTL specification for a rotate right on an eight-bit cell.(b) Write the RTL specification for a rotate left on an eight-bit cell.
26. Assuming a nine-bit cell, show the effect of the rotate operation on each of the following values with the given initial value of C:(a) C = 1, ROL 0 0110 1101(b) C = 0, ROL 0 0110 1101(c) C = 1,
25. Assuming a seven-bit cell, show the effect of the rotate operation on each of the following values with the given initial value of C:(a) C = 1, ROL 010 1101(b) C = 0, ROL 010 1101(c) C = 1, ROR
24. (a) Write the RTL specification for an arithmetic shift right on an eight-bit cell. (b) Write the RTL specification for an arithmetic shift left on an eight-bit cell.
23. Assuming nine-bit two’s complement representation, convert each of the following decimal numbers to binary, show the effect of the ASL operation on it, and then convert the result back to
Assuming seven-bit two’s complement representation, convert each of the following decimal numbers to binary, show the effect of the ASL operation on it, and then convert the result back to decimal.
19. With two’s complement binary representation, what is the range of numbers as written in binary and in decimal notation for the following cells?*(a) a two-bit cell*(b) a three-bit cell(c) a
16. Convert the following numbers from binary to decimal, assuming nine-bit two’s complement binary representation:(a) 0 0001 1010(b) 1 0110 1010(c) 1 1111 1100(d) 0 0000 0001(e) 1 0000 0000(f) 1
15. Convert the following numbers from binary to decimal, assuming seven-bit two’s complement binary representation:(a) 001 1101(b) 101 0101(c) 111 1100(d) 000 0001(e) 100 0000(f) 100 0001
14. Convert the following numbers from decimal to binary, assuming nine-bit two’s complement binary representation:(a) 51(b) –29(c) –2(d) 0(e) –256(f) –1(g) What is the range for this cell
13. Convert the following numbers from decimal to binary, assuming seven-bit two’s complement binary representation:(a) 49(b) –27(c) 0(d) –64(e) –1(f) –2 (g) What is the range for this
12. Why do programmers at Level ISA3 confuse Halloween and Christmas? Hint: What does 31(oct) equal?

Showing 400 - 500 of 640