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psychology

Questions and Answers of Psychology

Decision Making Describe one or two major decisions you have made in your life. How did you go about making your decision? What were your challenges? What were the consequences?What did you learn to
Critical Thinking Quiz Visit http://www.cof.orst.edu/cof/teach/for442/quizzes/q1003.htm to take a fun and challenging quiz to test your ability to think critically and creatively. You will receive
Habits of Mind Visit http://www.habitsofmind.org/content/managing-impulsivity to read an online article about habits of mind, specifically, managing impulsivity. Think about how some of your own
Contrast positive motivation with negative motivation.
Why is intrinsic motivation healthier than extrinsic motivation?
Sketch and label the hierarchy of needs.
Define belongingness, competence, and autonomy.
Why would a person fear success?
Explain the benefits of visualization.
Extrinsic and Intrinsic Motivation Every year, hundreds of thousands of people compete to be selected for reality television shows such as Survivor, American Idol, America’s Got Talent, Top Model,
Confronting Fear Describe a situation in your life where fear held you back from taking a risk or pursuing something important to you. What caused your fear? Did you experience any fear of success or
Needs Journal Review Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs and create a chart for yourself with a row for each of the five needs. Think about the activities you do each week and what motivates you to satisfy
Visualization Ask a close friend or family member if there is anything that might be holding him/her back from achieving a goal. Help him/her identify the obstacles, challenges, or fears. Now ask
Self-Motivation Visit http://www.mindtools.com/pages/article/newLDR_57.htm to take a short quiz to determine how self-motivated you are. You will receive an overall score, and then a separate score
Hierarchy of Needs Visit http://similarminds.com/cgi-bin/maslow.pl to take a quiz to help you identify the fulfillment level of your needs based on Maslow’s hierarchy. You will receive a percentage
What is the difference between committed time and discretionary time?
List three benefits of using a to-do list.
Why is it important to prioritize your tasks and activities?
How do emotions affect people’s relationship with money?
Why is it important to analyze your spending habits?
What are the pros and cons of credit?
Time Management Making to-do lists and schedules saves time, but it also takes time. Do you create to-do lists for yourself? If so, how are they working for you? Are they saving you time? If you
Voluntary Simplicity Voluntary simplicity is an approach to living that focuses on frugal consumption, ecological awareness, and personal and relationship growth rather than on material wealth and
Money Management Mentors Identify two or three people you know who are financially“successful.” Set up some time to interview them on their approach to managing money.How closely do they track
Busting Procrastination Make a list of important tasks you’ve been putting off, or projects you have yet to complete. You could include tasks such as simply doing laundry, sending out your
Managing College Life College life for students, no matter what age or educational pursuit, can be quite challenging to manage. Besides taking classes, both on-campus and on-line, students may also
Managing Student Loan Debt It has become increasingly difficult to keep up with the very loans students took out to ensure their future success. The student loan debt has increased by 300 percent
1. Describe the 5 methods of acquiring knowledge
2. Understand the benefits and problems with each.
1.Define science.
2.Describe the three fundamental features of science.
3.Explain why psychology is a science.
4.Define pseudoscience and give some examples.
1.Describe the three goals of science and give an example for each.
2.Distinguish between basic research and applied research.
1.Explain the limitations of common sense when it comes to achieving a detailed and accurate understanding of human behavior.
2.Give several examples of common sense or folk psychology that are incorrect.
3.Define skepticism and its role in scientific psychology.
1.Define the clinical practice of psychology and distinguish it from experimental psychology.
2.Explain how science is relevant to clinical practice.
3.Define the concept of an empirically supported treatment and give some examples.
•Practice: Consider three things you know and determine how you acquired that knowledge (authority, intuition, rationalism, empiricism, the scientific method).
•Practice: Try to generate different research questions to describe, predict, and explain a phenomenon that interests you.
• Practice: Based on your own experience or on things you have already learned about psychology, list three basic research questions and three applied research questions of interest to you.
• Practice: List three empirical questions about human behavior. List three nonempirical questions about human behavior.
• Practice: For each of the following intuitive beliefs about human behavior, list three reasons that it might be true and three reasons that it might not be true:
◦ You cannot truly love another person unless you love yourself.
◦ People who receive “crisis counseling” immediately after experiencing a traumatic event are better able to cope with that trauma in the long term.
◦ Studying is most effective when it is always done in the same location.
• Watch the following video, in which psychologist Scott Lilienfeld talks about confirmation bias, tunnel vision, and using evidence to evaluate the world around us:
• Discussion: Consider the following psychological claim. “People’s choice of spouse is strongly influenced by their perception of their own parents. Some choose a spouse who is similar in some
• Discussion: People sometimes suggest that psychology cannot be a science because either (a) human behavior cannot be predicted with perfect accuracy or (b) much of its subject matter (e.g.,
• Watch the following video by PHD Comics for an overview of open access publishing and why it matters:
•Discussion: Some clinicians argue that what they do is an “art form” based on intuition and personal experience and therefore cannot be evaluated scientifically. Write a paragraph about how
◦a potential client of the clinician
◦a judge who must decide whether to allow the clinician to testify as an expert witness in a child abuse case
◦an insurance company representative who must decide whether to reimburse the clinician for their services
•Practice: Create a short list of questions that a client could ask a clinician to determine whether they pay sufficient attention to scientific research.
1. Review a general model of scientific research in psychology.
1.Learn some common sources of research ideas.
2.Define the research literature in psychology and give examples of sources that are part of the research literature and sources that are not.
3.Describe and use several methods for finding previous research on a particular research idea or question.
1.Describe some techniques for turning research ideas into empirical research questions and use those techniques to generate questions.
2.Explain what makes a research question interesting and evaluate research questions in terms of their interestingness.
1.Distinguish between a theory and a hypothesis.
2.Discover how theories are used to generate hypotheses and how the results of studies can be used to further inform theories.
3.Understand the characteristics of a good hypothesis.
1.Distinguish between a theory and a hypothesis.
2.Discover how theories are used to generate hypotheses and how the results of studies can be used to further inform theories.
3.Understand the characteristics of a good hypothesis.
1.Define the concept of a variable, distinguish quantitative from categorical variables, and give examples of variables that might be of interest to psychologists.
2.Explain the difference between a population and a sample.
3.Distinguish between experimental and non-experimental research.
4.Distinguish between lab studies, field studies, and field experiments.
2.Identify the different kinds of descriptive statistics researchers use to summarize their data
3.Describe the purpose of inferential statistics.
4.Distinguish between Type I and Type II errors.
1.Identify the conclusions researchers can make based on the outcome of their studies.
2.Describe why scientists avoid the term “scientific proof.”
3.Explain the different ways that scientists share their findings.
• Practice: Find a description of an empirical study in a professional journal or in one of the scientific psychology blogs. Then write a brief description of the research in terms of the cyclical
• Watch the following TED Ed video, in which David H. Schwartz provides an introduction to two types of empirical studies along with some methods that scientists use to increase the reliability of
• Practice: Use the techniques discussed in this section to find 10 journal articles and book chapters on one of the following research ideas: memory for smells, aggressive driving, the causes of
• Watch the following video clip produced by UBCiSchool about how to read an academic paper (without
• Practice: Generate three research ideas based on each of the following: informal observations, practical problems, and topics discussed in recent issues of professional journals.
• Practice: Generate an empirical research question about each of the following behaviors or psychological characteristics: long-distance running, getting tattooed, social anxiety, bullying, and
• Practice: Evaluate each of the research questions you generated in Exercise 2 in terms of its interestingness based on the criteria discussed in this section.
• Practice: Find an issue of a journal that publishes short empirical research reports (e.g., Psychological Science, Psychonomic Bulletin and Review, Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin).
• Practice: Find a recent empirical research report in a professional journal. Read the introduction and highlight in different colors descriptions of theories and hypotheses.
• Practice: Using the research article you found in a professional journal identify whether the study was experimental or non-experimental. If it was experimental identify the independent and
• Practice: Using the research article you found in a professional journal identify which descriptive statistics were reported.
• Practice: Describe why theories can be supported but not proved.
1.Describe a simple framework for thinking about ethical issues in psychological research.
2.Give examples of several ethical issues that arise in psychological research—including ones that affect research participants, the scientific community, and society more generally.
1.Describe the history of ethics codes for scientific research with human participants.
2.Summarize the American Psychological Association Ethics Code—especially as it relates to informed consent, deception, debriefing, research with nonhuman animals, and scholarly integrity.
1.Describe several strategies for identifying and minimizing risks and deception in psychological research.
2.Create thorough informed consent and debriefing procedures, including a consent form.
•Practice: Imagine a study testing the effectiveness of a new drug for treating obsessive-compulsive disorder. Give a hypothetical example of an ethical issue from each cell of Table 3.1 “A
•Discussion: It has been argued that researchers are not ethically responsible for the misinterpretation or misuse of their research by others. Do you agree? Why or why not?

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