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Questions and Answers of
Public Accounting
=+1. A tight budget may create:A. budgetary slack.B. discouragement.C. a flexible budget.D. a “spend it or lose it” mentality.
=+5. Prepare a cost of goods sold budget for July
=+4. Prepare a direct labor cost budget for July.
=+3. Prepare a direct materials purchases budget for July.
=+e. Unit costs for direct materials:Material A: $4.00 per lb.Material B: $2.00 per lb.f. Direct labor requirements:Department 1 Department 2 Product K 0.4 hr. per unit 0.15 hr. per unit Product L
=+Selected information concerning sales and production for Cabot Co. for July 2010 are summarized as follows:a. Estimated sales: Product K: 40,000 units at $30.00 per unit Product L: 20,000 units at
=+SA 21-5 Variable costs and activity bases in decision making Break-even analysis is one of the most fundamental tools for managing any kind of business unit. Consider the management of your school.
=+Given this information, how would you respond to senior management?
=+Month Volume Customer Orders per Order January $168,000 700 240 February 165,600 720 230 March 160,600 730 220 April 150,000 750 200 May 149,150 785 190 June 148,000 800 185 July 147,600 820 180
=+however, the Shipping Department manager has been under severe financial constraints. The manager knows that most of the Shipping Department’s effort is related to pulling inventory from the
=+SA 21-4 Variable costs and activity bases in decision making Chapter 21 Cost Behavior and Cost-Volume-Profit Analysis 995 One Two Three Color Color Color Total Number of banners 76 103 121 300 As
=+SA 21-3 Break-even analysis The owner of Banner-Tech, a printing company, is planning direct labor needs for the upcoming year. The owner has provided you with the following information for next
=+Which strategy is best: Do nothing? Follow the advice of Jamie Berry? Or follow David Hunter’s strategy?
=+Two managers, David Hunter and Jamie Berry, had the following discussion of ways to increase the profitability of this new offering:David: I think we need to think of some way to increase our
=+SA 21-2 Break-even sales, contribution margin Techno Games Inc. has finished a new video game, Mountain Bike Challenge.Management is now considering its marketing strategies. The following
=+The airline industry is notorious for boom and bust cycles. Why is airline profitability very sensitive to these cycles? Do you think that during a down cycle the strategy to consolidate routes
=+SA 21-1 Ethics and professional conduct in business 994 Chapter 21 Cost Behavior and Cost-Volume-Profit Analysis Buried in the fine print of the prospectus is additional information that would
=+the mortgage. The interest costs are one of the major ongoing costs of a real estate project. Jeff has reported prominently in the prospectus that the break-even occupancy for the first four years
=+Jeff Zengel is a financial consultant to Rae Properties Inc., a real estate syndicate. Rae Properties Inc. finances and develops commercial real estate (office buildings). The completed projects
=+PR 21-6B Contribution margin, break-even sales, cost-volume-profit chart, margin of safety, and operating leverage objs. 2, 3, 4, 5✔ 3. 15,000 Special Activities
=+6. Determine the operating leverage.
=+5. What is the expected margin of safety in dollars and as a percentage of sales?
=+4. Construct a cost-volume-profit chart indicating the break-even sales.
=+3. Determine the break-even sales in units.
=+2. What is the expected contribution margin ratio?
=+1. Prepare an estimated income statement for 2010.
=+It is expected that 30,000 units will be sold at a price of $60 a unit. Maximum sales within the relevant range are 45,000 units.Instructions
=+beginning of the year. The total of all production costs for the year is therefore assumed to be equal to the cost of goods sold. With this in mind, the various department heads were asked to
=+3. Assume that the sales mix was 25% 18” flat panel TV and 75% 22” flat panel TV.Compare the break-even point with that in part (1). Why is it so different?Steamboat Co. expects to maintain the
=+2. Based on the break-even sales (units) in part (1), determine the unit sales of both the 18” flat panel TV and 22” flat panel TV for the current year.
=+PR 21-5B Sales mix and break-even sales obj. 5✔ 1. 6,156 units Chapter 21 Cost Behavior and Cost-Volume-Profit Analysis 993 Instructions 1. Determine the estimated units of sales of the overall
=+Products Unit Selling Price Unit Variable Cost Sales Mix 18” Flat panel $420.00 $300.00 75%22” Flat panel 540.00 340.00 25%The estimated fixed costs for the current year are $861,840.
=+PR 21-4B Break-even sales and cost-volume-profit chart objs. 3, 4✔ 1. 3,250 units Data related to the expected sales of two types of flat panel TVs for Yan Electronics Inc.for the current year,
=+4. Using the cost-volume-profit chart prepared in part (3), determine (a) the income from operations if sales total 4,000 units and (b) the maximum income from operations that could be realized
=+3. Construct a cost-volume-profit chart indicating the break-even sales for the current year, assuming that a noncancelable contract is signed for the additional billboard advertising. No changes
=+2. Using the cost-volume-profit chart prepared in part (1), determine (a) the income from operations for last year and (b) the maximum income from operations that could have been realized during
=+Verify your answer, using the break-even equation.
=+Last year, Cul de sac Co. had sales of $740,000, based on a unit selling price of $200. The variable cost per unit was $120, and fixed costs were $260,000. The maximum sales within Cul de sac’s
=+PR 21-3B Break-even sales and cost-volume-profit chart objs. 3, 4✔ 1. 20,000 units
=+4. Determine the probable income (loss) from operations if sales total 30,000 units.
=+3. Construct a cost-volume-profit chart, assuming maximum sales of 50,000 units within the relevant range.
=+2. Compute the sales (units) required to realize income from operations of $525,000.
=+For the coming year, Favre Products Inc. anticipates a unit selling price of $160, a unit variable cost of $90, and fixed costs of $1,400,000.Instructions 1. Compute the anticipated break-even
=+8. Based on the data given, would you recommend accepting the proposal?Explain.
=+7. If the proposal is accepted and sales remain at the 2010 level, what will the income or loss from operations be for 2011?
=+6. Determine the maximum income from operations possible with the expanded plant.
=+5. Determine the amount of sales (units) that would be necessary under the proposed program to realize the $652,500 of income from operations that was earned in 2010.
=+4. Compute the break-even sales (units) under the proposed program.
=+3. Compute the break-even sales (units) for 2010.
=+2. Determine for 2010 (a) the unit variable cost and (b) the unit contribution margin.
=+Management is considering a plant expansion program that will permit an increase of $900,000 in yearly sales. The expansion will increase fixed costs by $242,500, but will not affect the
=+Fixed Variable Cost of sales 60% 40%Selling expenses 50% 50%Administrative expenses 55% 45%
=+PR 21-2B Break-even sales under present and proposed conditions objs. 2, 3✔ 3. 15,825 units 992 Chapter 21 Cost Behavior and Cost-Volume-Profit Analysis
=+The division of costs between fixed and variable is as follows:
=+PR 21-1B Classify costs obj. 1 Gaelic Industries Inc., operating at full capacity, sold 22,350 units at a price of $150 per unit during 2010. Its income statement for 2010 is as follows:Sales . . .
=+Cost Fixed Cost Variable Cost Mixed Cost
=+s. Rent on experimental equipment, $45 for every sofa produced t. Wood for framing the sofas Instructions Classify the preceding costs as either fixed, variable, or mixed. Use the following
=+p. Fabric for sofa coverings q. Salesperson’s salary, $70,000 plus 5% of the selling price of each sofa sold r. Insurance premiums on property, plant, and equipment, $20,000 per year plus $20 per
=+m. Springs n. Electricity costs of $0.15 per kilowatt-hour o. Sewing supplies
=+k. Legal fees paid to attorneys in defense of the company in a patent infringement suit,$20,000 plus $150 per hour l. Property taxes on property, plant, and equipment
=+i. Straight-line depreciation on factory equipment j. Cartons used to ship sofas
=+f. Hourly wages of sewing machine operators g. Salary of designers h. Foam rubber for cushion fillings
=+New Age Furniture Company manufactures sofas for distribution to several major retail chains. The following costs are incurred in the production and sale of sofas:a. Salary of production vice
=+6. Determine the operating leverage.Problem Series B
=+5. What is the expected margin of safety in dollars and as a percentage of sales?
=+4. Construct a cost-volume-profit chart indicating the break-even sales.
=+3. Determine the break-even sales in units.
=+2. What is the expected contribution margin ratio?
=+Chapter 21 Cost Behavior and Cost-Volume-Profit Analysis 991 Instructions 1. Prepare an estimated income statement for 2010.
=+PR 21-6A Contribution margin, break-even sales, cost-volume-profit chart, margin of safety, and operating leverage objs. 2, 3, 4, 5✔ 2. 50%
=+It is expected that 20,000 units will be sold at a price of $100 a unit. Maximum sales within the relevant range are 25,000 units.
=+Fixed Cost (per unit sold)Production costs:Direct materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . — $18.00 Direct labor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . —
=+PR 21-5A Sales mix and break-even sales obj. 5✔ 1. 3,000 units Soldner Health Care Products Inc. expects to maintain the same inventories at the end of 2010 as at the beginning of the year. The
=+3. Assume that the sales mix was 60% snowboards and 40% skis. Compare the break-even point with that in part (1). Why is it so different?
=+2. Based on the break-even sales (units) in part (1), determine the unit sales of both snowboards and skis for the current year.
=+1. Determine the estimated units of sales of the overall product necessary to reach the break-even point for the current year.
=+PR 21-4A Break-even sales and cost-volume-profit chart objs. 3, 4✔ 1. 3,400 units Data related to the expected sales of snowboards and skis for Winter Sports Inc. for the current year, which is
=+4. Using the cost-volume-profit chart prepared in part (3), determine (a) the income from operations if sales total 4,000 units and (b) the maximum income from operations that could be realized
=+3. Construct a cost-volume-profit chart indicating the break-even sales for the current year, assuming that a noncancelable contract is signed for the additional billboard advertising. No changes
=+2. Using the cost-volume-profit chart prepared in part (1), determine (a) the income from operations for last year and (b) the maximum income from operations that could have been realized during
=+Instructions 1. Construct a cost-volume-profit chart indicating the break-even sales for last year.Verify your answer, using the break-even equation.
=+PR 21-3A Break-even sales and cost-volume-profit chart objs. 3, 4✔ 1. 30,000 units 990 Chapter 21 Cost Behavior and Cost-Volume-Profit Analysis Last year, Douthett Inc. had sales of $2,400,000,
=+4. Determine the probable income (loss) from operations if sales total 40,000 units.
=+3. Construct a cost-volume-profit chart, assuming maximum sales of 50,000 units within the relevant range.
=+2. Compute the sales (units) required to realize income from operations of $350,000.
=+PR 21-2A Break-even sales under present and proposed conditions objs. 2, 3✔ 2. (a) $50.00 For the coming year, Tolstoy Company anticipates a unit selling price of $100, a unit variable cost of
=+8. Based on the data given, would you recommend accepting the proposal?Explain.
=+7. If the proposal is accepted and sales remain at the 2010 level, what will the income or loss from operations be for 2011?
=+6. Determine the maximum income from operations possible with the expanded plant.
=+5. Determine the amount of sales (units) that would be necessary under the proposed program to realize the $6,120,000 of income from operations that was earned in 2010.
=+4. Compute the break-even sales (units) under the proposed program.
=+3. Compute the break-even sales (units) for 2010.
=+2. Determine for 2010 (a) the unit variable cost and (b) the unit contribution margin.
=+1. Determine for 2010 the total fixed costs and the total variable costs.
=+Cost of sales 40% 60%Selling expenses 50% 50%Administrative expenses 70% 30%Management is considering a plant expansion program that will permit an increase of $1,500,000 in yearly sales. The
=+Classify the preceding costs as either fixed, variable, or mixed. Use the following tabular headings and place an “X” in the appropriate column. Identify each cost by letter in the cost
=+t. Supplies Instructions
=+r. Rent on experimental equipment, $40,000 per year s. Leather for patches identifying the brand on individual pieces of apparel
=+o. Hourly wages of machine operators p. Fabric q. Rental costs of warehouse, $4,000 per month plus $3 per square foot of storage used
=+PR 21-1A Classify costs obj. 1 Chapter 21 Cost Behavior and Cost-Volume-Profit Analysis 989 m. Straight-line depreciation on sewing machines n. Insurance premiums on property, plant, and equipment,
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