Questions and Answers of Research Methods Business

In what ways is fake news ‘fake’ and in what ways is it ‘real’?This activity provides an opportunity to consider which information and evidence is trustworthy.What criteria should be applied
How real is fake news?This activity provides an opportunity to consider which information and evidence is trustworthy.What criteria should be applied to judge the truth or the reliability of
What is fake news?This activity provides an opportunity to consider which information and evidence is trustworthy.What criteria should be applied to judge the truth or the reliability of information
How might Jagriti involve potential beneficiaries in her research project?
Residents of the care homes and their families were likely to benefit from the outcomes of Jagriti’s study but which other groups of people might benefit from Jagriti’s project? Identify at least
What skills and qualities, relevant to being a practitioner-researcher, would you like to further develop in the future? How might you go about developing in these areas?
In what ways did your position (as an‘outsider’, ‘insider’, ‘colleague’, ‘manager’ and so on) affect trust between you and others? If you were to have the opportunity to ‘start over
What features of your research benefited from your involvement with other stakeholders? What have you learned that you might not otherwise have been able to learn?
What skills will you need in order to share what you have learned more widely?
What opportunities might there be to engage potential stakeholders or beneficiaries with your project? What opportunities are there for you to disseminate the progress or interim findings from your
How often do you systematically and routinely gather high-quality data about the issues your organisation faces? To what extent do you critically assess the quality of these data?
To what extent do you routinely use your critical judgement to assess the reliability and validity of evidence, including that based on your previous experience?
Which individuals or groups may not wish to be identified through any dissemination process? What steps could you take to ensure that appropriate anonymity and confidentiality are maintained and that
In what ways might your organisation or department benefit from wider dissemination of your research? Are there other companies within your wider organisation, or within the supply chain or network,
If you agreed that your research participants would receive a summary of your overall work, what will this look like? To what extent is it useful to share your specific recommendations?
What opportunities to disseminate your research findings might there be within your organisation? What constraints are there on dissemination? Are some details from your research particularly
What writing conventions or styles are you most comfortable with? How compatible are they with the expectations for academic writing? Create a personal checklist of key things you know you will need
Consider your strengths as a writer. What steps can you take to ensure that you tackle the ‘difficult’ sections in a timely and effective way?
What improvement areas have been highlighted in previous assignment feedback and how might you develop the skills that you need?
What arrangements will be necessary to ensure your work can be printed, copied and bound when the time comes?
Do you have any training needs relevant to the submission process? For example, if your work needs to be submitted through anti-plagiarism software, do you know how to do this?
Do you need to make your manager(and other stakeholders) aware of your forthcoming deadline? Do you need to request any specific support?
Where do you learn and work best? Where will you physically undertake your writing?What steps do you need to take to have the‘space’ to write without distractions?
In addition to getting feedback on your content, what arrangements will you make to have your work proofread? What are the time implications of this? Be sure to check if your centre has any
How much time do you have before the submission date for your research report?Who can help you to evaluate your draft sections? How can you share learning with peers in your class? Does your centre
What written reports about your research are required by your study centre, employer, or other sponsor or client? How clear are you about the required length, format and content required by these
When data are presented in the findings it is important to:a Include information about sample and response sizes.b Conceal data that do not ‘fit’ what you hope to show.c Leave out information
Which of the following would not usually be provided as appendices?a Sample interview transcripts.b Your interview or survey questions.c Your research objectives.d Ethics approval form.
The justification for your sampling strategy should be outlined in:a Introduction.b Literature review.c Methodology.d Conclusions.
Each chapter/section should include:a Introduction and summary.b A separate list of references.c An overview of the case study organisation(s).d Charts and graphs.
Which of the following do not usually feature in the findings chapter?a Recommendations for HR professionals.b Overview of research sample.c Limitations of findings.d Direct quotes from participants.
When are direct quotes most useful for your work?a To prove that you have read something.b To meet the requirement for the minimum number of references.c To demonstrate a key point.d To meet the
Which chapter is most likely to provide an overview of the case study organisation(s)?a Introduction.b Literature review.c Methodology.d Findings.
Your abstract would not usually include:a Key findings.b List of references.c Methodology.d Conclusions.
What are the data security and ethical issues with storing your data in paper or electronic form? What password protection do you need to use to ensure that no unauthorised access occurs?
What help is available at your place of work with running statistical tests and making sense of the findings?
What steps can you take to build your confidence on the statistics software you have decided to use?
What are the strengths and limitations of the data you have collected? What are the implications of the sample size and response rate for your analysis? What seem to be the main features of the data
What are your strengths and weaknesses with numerical reasoning? Where might you look for help with statistics (family member;work colleague; fellow student; colleague;tutor; friend)?
How realistic do your outputs look? Might some of them really be ‘too good to be true’meaning that you need to carefully check the appropriateness of the test and the way it has been undertaken?
How clear are you about your research questions and the implications of them for choosing appropriate quantitative data analysis tests?
What books or manuals might you obtain to help you through the data analysis process?
What quantitative data analysis software is available to you through work or your study centre? Do you have (or can you obtain) a personal copy?
Structural equation modelling (SEM) has advantages compared to multiple regression because:a. It allows you to test several relationships between variables at the same time.b. Variables can be both a
Factor analysis can be used to:a. Assess whether some variables can be grouped or clustered together to form a coherent composite variable.b. Work out the extent to which two variables are
A commonly used ‘test of difference’ for parametric data is known as:a. Mann-Whitney testb. Chronbach alphac. Factor analysis d t-test
A perfect positive correlation between two variables in a test of correlation would give a result of:a. –0.123b. +1c. 0d. –1
What information can a cross-tabulation provide?a. It shows the results for all of your questionnaire items.b. It lists different measures of significance.c. It summarises the frequencies of
A reliability coefficient is a measure of:a. The difference between two variables.b. The strength of the relationship between two different variables.c. The extent to which the responses to a group
Tests of probability that a test result occurred by chance is known as:a. Multiple regression analysis.b. Chi-square test.c. Significance testing.d. Chronbach alpha.
The terms ‘parametric’ and ‘non-parametric’refer to:a. Two main groups of data types that are linked to different groups of statistical tests.b. Measures of statistical significance.c.
What level of feedback from the data is required by the organisation? How will this impact the way you collect, organise and present the data?
What ‘permissions’ do you need to undertake a survey within the organisation? Who might be able to influence these decisions? What actions can you take to influence the response rate for your
What organisational factors may influence decisions about sample size and selection? In what way might that affect the quality of the data that you obtain?
How might you go about developing a sampling frame of good quality from which to select a sample? Who may be able to offer support with this process?
Is there anyone in the organisation (often there is someone marketing or planning) who would be able to offer advice and guidance on the survey design, administration and analysis processes? How
How confident are you about the level of your numerical/statistical competence?What development activities would help enhance this?
How well do you understand the implications of different question structures for subsequent analysis of the data? Who can help you with this decision-making process?
How well do you understand the advantages and limitations of different sampling techniques in relation to your project?What information or support might help you to develop your understanding and
What experience do you have of survey design? What personal development areas are you aware of and how might you meet them?
What software for data entry and analysis is available to you? What might you do to enhance your competence and confidence with using it?
Who might you approach for help with the piloting of your questionnaire, and how might you make use of their feedback?
What sources of quantitative data may already be available that might be relevant to your research questions?How can you go about accessing and evaluating them?
What depth of data analysis is required within the assessment criteria of your study centre for the qualification you are working towards?
How clear are you about your research questions? How important will quantitative data be in answering them? Will this involve describing frequencies or undertaking a deeper level of analysis?
Which is the most comprehensive measure of dispersion?a Range b Standard deviation c Percentiles d Mean
Name a software package for analysing quantitative data.a Atlas TI b Microsoft Word c SPSS d Microsoft Access
Which of the following is not a type of graph?a Box b Pie c Bar d Scatter
Which of the following is NOT a measure of central tendency?a Mode b Middle c Mean d Median
Which of the following is a type of probability sample?a Systematic random sample.b Snowball sample.c Convenience sample.d Purposive sample.
A sampling frame is:a The different stages involved in survey design.b A list of all the people in the research population from whom the sample will be drawn.c A set of random numbers.d The structure
Which of the following is NOT part of the sampling process?a Determining the sample frame.b Defining the research population.c Clarifying the research question.d Selecting an appropriate sampling
Which one of the following scales is commonly used to measure opinions in a questionnaire?a Ranking scale.b Nominal questions.c Likert rating scale.d Open question.
Which one of the following is the principal quantitative method of data capture in HR?a Focus groups.b Surveys.c Participant observation.d Discourse analysis.
Quantitative data is the term used to describe:a All the data you include in your research report.b Charts and tables.c Statistical tests.d Data in the form of numbers and measures.
What actions can you take to maximise the credibility and dependability of the data that you analyse? How can you ensure that the organisational and personal context in which the data have been
What explanations of the data might be‘organisationally preferred’? What alternative explanations might there be? What might enhance your ability to develop and evaluate a range of explanations
What organisational factors might influence the way that you interpret your data? What strategies can you utilise to maintain a detachment from the data?
How might you utilise a ‘research diary’throughout the duration of your project to inform your thinking?
To what extent will you need to utilise individual quotations as examples of the categories you identify? How will you ensure you can identify, store and retrieve them?
How successful have your early attempts at coding data been? What have you learned from these early attempts and how might you apply what you have learned to subsequent coding activity?
How skilled are you at producing useable summaries of data gathering ‘events’ that will remain meaningful in a number of weeks?Is there some way you could practise in advance?
To what extent are you familiar (or have you experimented with) analysis techniques such as thematic analysis, content analysis, narrative analysis or discourse analysis?
How clear are you about your research questions? What are the main themes that you are likely to explore when you analyse your data? What initial categories might you use for the analysis?
Does your supervisor or tutor have specific expertise in data analysis that would be helpful for you?
What is your tutor’s or supervisor’s opinion about the quantity and quality of the data you have collected?
What software options may be available to you through your study centre for the analysis of your qualitative data?
In what format are your data at present? Do they require transcription or summarising?
How successful have you been in organising the data that you have collected so far? What sort of filing system or structure might be applicable?
Which of the following is not a type of node used in NVivo?a Tree node.b Case node.c Free node.d Shrub node.
Which of these could be considered to be advantages of CAQDAS packages?a You can find concealed data.b Report writing is straightforward.c You can re-analyse data easily.d No training is necessary.
What does the acronym ‘CAQDAS’ stand for?a Complicated analysis of qualitative data and statistics.b Constant analysis, qualitative data and simplicity.c Computer assisted qualitative data
The purpose of keeping a record of your codes in some form of ‘coding manual’ is to:a Test your knowledge of statistics.b Provide you with a reminder about what each of your codes represent.c
Discourse analysis involves examining:a The ways in which communication is undertaken to produce desired effects.b Forms of communication both written and visual.c The way discourses ‘frame’
Which of the following describe narrative analysis?a An enhanced form of interview technique.b A form of analysis of organisational documents.c An approach to examine how people sequence and
Which of the following would be suitable for content analysis?a Interview transcripts.b Newspaper articles.c Website content.d All of the above.
Keeping a chronological record of your ideas and reflections as your research project goes along, to help you develop your analysis is known as:a Research summaries.b Data transcripts.c Research
The generation of charts, grids, hierarchies, matrices and so on are all forms of:a Template analysis.b Data display.c Grounded theory.d Analytical induction.
When undertaking qualitative data analysis why should you start coding your data as soon as possible?a Because you will get short of time when the deadline approaches.b Because it is a fun thing to
What steps will you take to maximise the confidentiality of the data you gather and the anonymity of your ‘subjects’?

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