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software testing and quality assurance
Questions and Answers of
Software Testing And Quality Assurance
All verification activities come under the category of:(a) Dynamic testing(b) Static testing(c) Source code design(d) None of the above
Which is not a factor of software quality?(a) Reliability(b) Portability(c) Efficiency(d) Functionality
Which is the most important factor of software quality?(a) Reliability(b) Understandability(c) Efficiency(d) Consistency
Quality assurance activities concentrate on(a) Software design(b) Software performance(c) Software products(d) Software processes
Which is not the quality of a testing person?(a) Cautious (b) Curious (c) Judgmental (d) Critical
What should be the best possible objective for testing?(a) Execute every statement at least once(b) Execute every path at least once(c) Execute every branch statement at least once(d) Execute every
Which is not a user manual?(a) Reference guide(b) Beginner’s guide(c) Sequence diagrams(d) System overview
Which is not a documentation manual?(a) SRS document(b) SDD document(c) Source code(d) Installation guide
Which is not the limitation of testing?(a) Difficult to measure the progress of testing(b) Availability of testing tools(c) Input domain is too large to test(d) Too many paths in the program
How much percentage of cost is generally consumed in software testing with reference to software development cost?(a) 10 – 20(b) 40 – 50(c) 80 – 90(d) 70 – 80
How much testing is enough?(a) Not easy to decide(b) Depends on complexity and criticality(c) Depends on abilities of testing persons(d) Depends on maturity of developers
If an expected output is not specified then:(a) We cannot execute the test case(b) We may not be able to repeat the test(c) We may not be able to decide if the test has passed or failed(d) We may not
Which of the following is a reason for a software failure?(a) Testing fault(b) Software Fault(c) Design Fault(d) Requirement Fault
Why is it impossible to test a program completely?(a) Input domain is too large to test(b) Good testers are not available(c) Efficient testing tools are not available(d) None of the above
What is software testing? Is it possible to do complete testing?
What are the limitations of testing? Discuss with the help of examples.
Describe some software failures. How can we minimize such failures?
Why should we test software? What are the associated risks, if we release it without testing?
Who should do the testing of the software? Is there any international standard?
What should we test? Discuss the areas which should be focused on during testing.
There are two limitations in software testing:(i) Input domain is too large to test(ii) Too many paths in the program Justify these limitations with the help of suitable examples.
What are logical bugs? How are they different from syntax bugs? How can we handle logical bugs effectively?
Write a program to add two digit integers. Can we test the program completely? If so, how many test cases are required? Assume that each test case can be executed and analyzed in one second; how long
What is the testing process? How can it be implemented? What are its limitations?
Will exhaustive testing (even if possible for a very small program) guarantee that the program is 100% correct?
What are the objectives of testing? Why is the psychology of the testing person important?
Software does not break or wear out with time (unlike hardware). Why does software fail even after a good amount of testing?
What is the tester’s role in software development?
When to stop testing is a very crucial decision. What factors should be considered for taking such a decision?
Differentiate between(i) Alpha and Beta testing(ii) Development and regression testing(iii) Fault, bug and failure(iv) Verification and validation(v) Static and dynamic testing(vi) Program and
Explain a typical test case template. What are the reasons for documenting test cases?
With the help of a suitable example, illustrate why exhaustive testing is not possible.
Define a test case. What are the objectives of test case design? Discuss the various steps involved.
What is the role of Quality Assurance in software development? How is it different from Quality Control?
What is software crisis? Was Y2K a software crisis?
What are the components of a software system? Discuss how a software differs from a program.
Differentiate between generic and customized software products. Which one has a large market share and why?
What is a software failure? Discuss the conditions of a failure. Mere presence of faults may not lead to failures. Explain with the help of an example.
Verification and validation are used interchangeably many times. Define these terms and establish their relationship with testing.
Testing is not a single phase in the software development life cycle. Explain and comment.
Discuss the advantages of testing with reference to the software product.
Discuss the significance of the V-shaped software life cycle model and also establish the relationship between its development and testing parts.
What is the relationship of the V-shaped software life cycle model with the waterfall model? How is acceptance testing related to requirement analysis and specification phase?
Differentiate between the V-shaped software life cycle model and the waterfall model.
What is functional testing?(f) Test cases are designed on the basis of internal structure of the source code.(g) Test cases are designed on the basis of functionality, and internal structure of the
Which of the following statement is correct?(a) Functional testing is useful in every phase of the software development life cycle.(b) Functional testing is more useful than static testing because
Which of the following is not a form of functional testing?(a) Boundary value analysis(b) Equivalence class testing(c) Data flow testing(d) Decision table based testing
Functional testing is known as:(a) Regression Testing(b) Load Testing(c) Behaviour Testing(d) Structural Testing
For a function of ‘n’ variables, boundary value analysis generates:(a) 8n + 1 test cases(b) 6n + 1 test cases(c) 2n + 1 test cases(d) 4n + 1 test cases
For a function of 4 variables, boundary value analysis generates:(a) 9 test cases(b) 17 test cases(c) 33 test cases(d) 25 test cases
For a function of ‘n’ variables, robustness testing yields:(a) 6n + 1 test cases(b) 8n+ 1 test cases(c) 2n + 1 test cases(d) 4n + 1 test cases
For a function of ‘n’ variables, worst case testing generates:(a) 6n test cases(b) 4n + 1 test cases(c) 5n test cases (d) 6n + 1 test cases
For a function of ‘n’ variables, robust worst case testing generates:(a) 4n test cases(b) 6n test cases(c) 5n test cases(d) 7n test cases
A software is designed to calculate taxes to be paid as per details given below:(i) Up to Rs. 40,000 : Tax free(ii) Next Rs. 15,000 : 10% tax(iii) Next Rs. 65,000 : 15% tax(iv) Above this amount :
‘x’ is an input to a program to calculate the square of the given number. The range for‘x’ is from 1 to 100. In boundary value analysis, which are valid inputs?(a) 1,2,50,100,101(b)
‘x’ is an input to a program to calculate the square of the given number. The range for‘x’ is from 1 to 100. In robustness testing, which are valid inputs?(a) 0, 1, 2, 50, 99, 100, 101(b) 0,
Functionality of a software is tested by:(a) White box testing(b) Black box testing(c) Regression testing(d) None of the above
One weakness of boundary value analysis is:(a) It is not effective(b) It does not explore combinations of inputs(c) It explores combinations of inputs(d) None of the above
Boundary value analysis technique is effective when inputs are:(a) Dependent(b) Independent(c) Boolean(d) None of the above
Equivalence class testing is related to:(a) Mutation testing(b) Data flow testing(c) Functional testing(d) Structural testing
In a room air-conditioner, when the temperature reaches 28oC, the cooling is switched on. When the temperature falls to below 20oC, the cooling is switched off. What is the minimum set of test input
If an input range is from 1 to 100, identify values from invalid equivalence classes.(a) 0, 101(b) 10, 101(c) 0, 10(d) None of the above
In an examination, the minimum passing marks is 50 out of 100 for each subject.Identify valid equivalence class values, if a student clears the examination of all three subjects.(a) 40, 60, 70(b) 38,
How many minimum test cases should be selected from an equivalence class?(a) 2(b) 3(c) 1(d) 4
Decision tables are used in situations where:(a) An action is initiated on the basis of a varying set of conditions(b) No action is required under a varying set of conditions(c) A number of actions
How many portions are available in a decision table?(a) 8(b) 2(c) 4(d) 1
How many minimum test cases are generated by a column of a decision table?(a) 0(b) 1(c) 2(d) 3
The decision table which uses only binary conditions is known as:(a) Limited entry decision table(b) Extended entry decision table(c) Advance decision table(d) None of the above
In cause-effect graphing technique, causes and effects are related to:(a) Outputs and inputs(b) Inputs and outputs(c) Sources and destinations(d) Destinations and sources
Cause-effect graphing is one form of:(a) Structural testing(b) Maintenance testing(c) Regression testing(d) Functional testing
Which is not a constraint applicable at the ‘causes’ side in the cause-effect graphing technique?(a) Exclusive(b) Inclusive(c) Masks(d) Requires
Which is not a basic notation used in a cause-effect graph?(a) NOT(b) OR(c) AND(d) NAND
Which is the term used for functional testing?(a) Black box testing(b) Behavioural testing(c) Functionality testing(d) All of the above
Functional testing does not involve:(a) Source code analysis(b) Black box testing techniques(c) Boundary value analysis(d) Robustness testing
What is functional testing? How do we perform it in limited time and with limited resources?
What are the various types of functional testing techniques? Discuss any one with the help of an example.
Explain the boundary value analysis technique with a suitable example.
Why do we undertake robustness testing? What are the additional benefits? Show additional test cases with the help of an example and justify the significance of these test cases.
What is worst-case testing? How is it different from boundary value analysis? List the advantages of using this technique.
Explain the usefulness of robust worst-case testing. Should we really opt for this technique and select a large number of test cases? Discuss its applicability and limitations.
Consider a program that determines the previous date. Its inputs are a triple of day, month and year with its values in the range:1 month 12 1 day 31 1850 year 2050 The possible outputs are
Consider the program to find the median of three numbers. Its input is a triple of positive integers (say x, y and z) and values are from interval [100,500]. Generate boundary, robust and worst-case
Consider a program that takes three numbers as input and print the values of these numbers in descending order. Its input is a triple of positive integers (say x, y and z)and values are from interval
Consider a three-input program to handle personal loans of a customer. Its input is a triple of positive integers (say principal, rate and term).1000 principal 40000 1 rate 18 1 term 6 The program
The BSE Electrical company charges its domestic consumers using the following slab:Consumption units Energy charges 0–150
per unit 151–300 Rs 200 + Rs.
per unit in excess of 150 units 301–400 Rs. 300 + Rs
per unit in excess of 300 units>400 Rs. 350 + Rs
per unit in excess of 400 units Identify the equivalence class test cases for output and input domain.
An telephone company charges its customer using the following calling rates:Call Rates 0-75 Rs. 500 76-200 Rs. 500 + Rs.
per call in excess of 75 calls 201-500 Rs. 500 + Rs.
per call in excess of 200 calls>500 Rs. 500 + Rs
per unit in excess of 500 calls Identify the equivalence class test cases for the output and input domain.
Consider an example of grading a student in a university. The grading is done as given below:Average marks Grade 90 – 100 Exemplary Performance 75 – 89 Distinction 60 – 74 First Division 50 –
Consider a program for the classification of a triangle. Its input is a triple of positive integers (say,a, b andc) from the interval [1, 100]. The output may be one of the following words [scalene,
Consider a program that determines the next date. Given a month, day and year as input, it determines the date of the next day. The month, day and year have integer values subject to the following
Consider a program for the determination of the nature of roots of a quadratic equation.Its input is a triple of positive integers (saya, b andc) and values may be from interval[0, 100]. The output
Explain the equivalence class testing technique. How is it different from boundary value analysis technique?
Discuss the significance of decision tables in testing. What is the purpose of a rule count? Explain the concept with the help of an example.
What is the cause-effect graphing technique? What are basic notations used in a causeeffect graph? Why and how are constraints used in such a graph?
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