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software testing and quality assurance

Questions and Answers of Software Testing And Quality Assurance

If an environment does not currently engage in solid requirements engineering practices, should tools be introduced?
What sort of problems might you find through a traceability matrix that you might not see without one?
Download FreeMind and use it to brainstorm a mind map for your Smart Home system.
Construct a FitNesse test table for the requirement described in Section 7.2 of the appendix.
Should a request to add or change features be anonymous?
How could metrics abuse begin to develop in an organization?
Give an example of process clash, from your own experience, if possible.
Give an example of metrics abuse, from your own experience, if possible.
Give an example of divergent goals, from your own experience, if possible.
How can CMMI be used to identify and reconcile process clash?
Why is it so important to determine the cost of features early, but not too early in the requirements engineering process?
What factors determine which metric or metrics a customer can use to help make meaningful cost–benefit decisions of proposed features for a system to be built?
How does the role of ranking requirements help in feature selection cost–benefit decision making?
What changes (if any) would you need to make to the COCOMO or feature point equation calculations to incorporate ranking of requirements?
Investigate the use of other decision-making techniques, such as integer programming, in helping to decide on the appropriate feature set for a proposed system.
Complete the derivation of Equation 10.8 from Equation 10.6 by setting the NPV equation (less the cost of the investment) to zero and solving for r.
=+Who has a stake in the solution to the problem?
=+That is, who are the stakeholders?
=+What are the unknowns? What data, functions, and features are required to properly solve the problem?
=+Can the problem be compartmentalized?
=+ Is it possible to represent smaller problems that may be easier to understand?
=+Can the problem be represented graphically?
=+ Can an analysis model be created?
=+Have you seen similar problems before?
=+Are there patterns that are recog-nizable in a potential solution?
=+ Is there existing software that implements the data, functions, and features that are required?
=+Has a similar problem been solved? If so, are elements of the solution reusable?
=+Can subproblems be defined? If so, are solutions readily apparent for the subproblems?
=+Can you represent a solution in a manner that leads to effective implemen-tation? Can a design model be created?
=+Does the solution conform to the plan?
=+Is source code traceable to the de-sign model?
=+Is each component part of the solution provably correct? Has the design and code been reviewed, or better, have correctness proofs been applied to the algorithm?
=+Is it possible to test each component part of the solution?
=+ Has a reasonable testing strategy been implemented?
=+Does the solution produce results that conform to the data, functions, and features that are required?
=+ Has the software been validated against all stakeholder requirements?
=+2.1. Figure 2.1 places the three software engineering layers on top of a layer entitled "A quality focus." This implies an organizational quality program such as total quality man-agement. Do a bit
=+2.3. As software becomes more pervasive, risks to the public (due to faulty programs) be-come an increasingly significant concern. Develop a doomsday but realistic scenario in which the failure of
=+2.4. Describe a process framework in your own words. When we say that framework activ-ities are applicable to all projects, does this mean that the same work tasks are applied for all projects,
=+2.5. Umbrella activities occur throughout the software process. Do you think they are applied evenly across the process, or are some concentrated in one or more framework activities?
=+2.6. Add two additional myths to the list presented in Section 2.4. Also state the reality that accompanies the myth.
=+What is a software process?
=+What are the generic framework activities that are present in every software process?
=+How are processes modeled and what are process patterns?
=+What are the prescriptive process models and what are their strengths and weaknesses?
=+Why is agility a watchword in modern software engineering work?
=+What is agile software development and how does it differ from more traditional process models?
Explain the principles of statistical quality control. What are the tools used for this purpose? Explain the principle of a control chart.
Explain the concept of lean principles.
What is an “Ishikawa” diagram? When should the Ishikawa diagram be used?Provide a procedure to construct an Ishikawa diagram.
What is total quality management (TQM)? What is the difference between TQM and TQC?
Explain the differences between failure, error, and fault .
What is a test case? What are the objectives of testing?
Explain the concepts of unit, integration, system, acceptance, and regression testing.
What are the different sources from which test cases can be selected?
What is the difference between fault injection and fault simulation?
Explain the differences between structural and functional testing.
What are the strengths and weaknesses of automated testing and manual testing?
Explain the concept of an ideal test.
Explain the concept of a selection criterion in test design.
Explain the concepts of a valid and reliable criterion.
Explain five kinds of program faults.
What are the drawbacks of Goodenough and Gerhart’s theory of program testing?
Explain the concepts of a uniformly ideal test as well as the concepts of uniformly valid and uniformly reliable criteria.
Explain how two test methods can be compared.
Explain the need for evaluating test adequacy.
Explain two practical methods for assessing test data adequacy.
Explain the concept of a nontestable program.
Does the code do what has been specified in the design specification?
Does the procedure used in the module solve the problem correctly?
Does a software module duplicate another existing module which could be reused?
If library modules are being used, are the right libraries and the right versions of the libraries being used?
Does each module have a single entry point and a single exit point? Multiple exit and entry point programs are harder to test.
Is the cyclomatic complexity of the module more than 10? If yes, then it is extremely difficult to adequately test the module.
Can each atomic function be reviewed and understood in 10–15 minutes? If not, it is considered to be too complex.
Have naming conventions been followed for all identifiers, such as pointers, indices, variables, arrays, and constants? It is important to adhere to coding standards to ease the introduction of a new
Has the code been adequately commented upon?
Have all the variables and constants been correctly initialized? Have correct types and scopes been checked?
Are the global or shared variables, if there are any, carefully controlled?
Are there data values hard coded in the program? Rather, these should be declared as variables.
Are the pointers being used correctly?
Are the dynamically acquired memory blocks deallocated after use?
Does the module terminate abnormally? Will the module eventually terminate?
Is there a possibility of an infinite loop, a loop that never executes, or a loop with a premature exit?
Have all the files been opened for use and closed at termination?
Are there computations using variables with inconsistent data types? Is overflow or underflow a possibility?
Are error codes and condition messages produced by accessing a common table of messages?Each error code should have a meaning, and all of the meanings should be available at one place in a table
Is the code portable? The source code is likely to execute on multiple processor architectures and on different operating systems over its lifetime. It must be implemented in a manner that does not
Is the code efficient? In general, clarity, readability, or correctness should not be sacrificed for efficiency. Code review is intended to detect implementation choices that have adverse effects on
Study the Yourdon [2] concept of a design walkthrough and the IBM concept[1] of a design inspection. Discuss the similarities and the differences between them.
A software engineering group is developing a mission-critical software system that will launch laser-guided missiles to its destinations. This is a new kind of product that was never built by the
What size of a review team would you recommend for the project in exercise 2, and why? What are the different roles of each member of the review team?What groups should send representatives to
Suppose that the C programming language is chosen in the project in exercise
Recommend a detailed code review checklist to the review team.
In addition to code review, what other static unit testing techniques would you recommend for the project in exercise 3? Justify your answer.
Describe the special role of a recordkeeper.
Discuss the importance of code review rework and validation.
Draw a control flow graph for the following sample code. Determine the cyclomatic complexity of the graph. (a) sum_of_all_positive_numbers (a, num_of_entries, sum) (b) sum = 0 (c) init (d) (e) (f)
A test engineer generates 70 mutants of a program P and 150 test cases to test the program P. After the first iteration of mutation testing, the tester finds 58 dead mutants and 4 equivalent mutants.
There is some debate as to whether code should be compiled before it is reviewed and vice versa. Based on your experience, give an opinion on this matter.

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