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statistics principles and methods

Questions and Answers of Statistics Principles And Methods

=+1.28 ● Many adolescent boys aspire to be professional athletes. The paper “Why Adolescent Boys Dream of Becoming Professional Athletes” (Psychological Reports[1999]: 1075–1085) examined
=+Construct a dotplot, and comment on the interesting features of the plot.
=+46.9 25.8 36.7 33.8 24.2 21.5 35.1 37.6 23.9 17.0 38.4 31.2 43.8 28.9 31.4 48.9
=+1.27 ● Each year, U.S. News and World Report publishes a ranking of U.S. business schools. The following data give the acceptance rates (percentage of applicants admitted) for the best 25
=+another. A sequence of sentences that just define the terms is not a meaningful paragraph. When choosing a context, think carefully about the terms you need to use. Choosing a good context will
=+A “meaningful paragraph” is a coherent piece of writing in an appropriate context that uses all of the listed words. The paragraph should show that you understand the meaning of the terms and
=+9. Does your answer from Step 8 surprise you? Explain why or why not.A Meaningful Paragraph Write a meaningful paragraph that includes the following six terms: sample, population, descriptive
=+8. For this step, work with three or four other students from your class. For each of the 10 shapes, form a new size estimate by computing the average of the size estimates for that shape made by
=+23, the squared difference would be (23) 25 9). Explain why the sum of the squared differences can also be used to assess how accurate your shape estimates were.
=+7. Use the last column of the activity sheet to record the squared differences (e.g., if the difference for shape 1 was
=+6. Compare your estimates with those of another person in the class by comparing the sum of the absolute values of the differences between estimates and corresponding actual values. Who was better
=+5. Would the sum of the differences tell you if the estimates and actual values were in close agreement? Does a sum of 0 for the differences indicate that all the estimates were equal to the
=+4. What would cause a difference to be negative? positive?
=+3. Your instructor will provide the actual sizes for the 10 shapes, which should be entered into the “Actual Size”column of the activity sheet. Now complete the “Difference” column by
=+You should now quickly visually estimate the sizes of the shapes in Figure 1.8. Do not draw on the figure—these are to be quick visual estimates. Record your estimates in the“Estimated Size”
=+that would fit in the shape. For example, the shape Activity 1.2 ■ Estimating Sizes 23 A c t i v i t y 1.2 Estimating Sizes 12 34 56 78 910 Figure 1.8 Shapes for Activity 1.2.Copyright 2008
=+2. Next you will be visually estimating the sizes of the shapes in Figure 1.8. Size will be described as the number of squares of this size
=+1. Construct an activity sheet that consists of a table that has 6 columns and 10 rows. Label the columns of the table with the following six headings: (1) Shape,(2) Estimated Size, (3) Actual
=+head size. Do you think that the resulting head size measurements would be more variable, less variable, or show about the same amount of variability as a set of 10 measurements resulting from a
=+9. Consider the following scheme (you don’t actually have to carry this out): Suppose that a group of 10 people measured head sizes by first assigning each person in the group a number between 1
=+8. Which data set was more variable—head size measurements of the different individuals on your team or the different measurements of the team leader’s head size?Explain the basis for your
=+7. Do you think the team leader’s head size changed in between measurements? If not, explain why the measurements of the team leader’s head size are not all the same.
=+Now use the available information to answer the following questions:
=+6. Using the data from Step 3, construct a dotplot of the team leader’s measurements of team head sizes. Then, using the same scale, construct a separate dotplot of the different measurements of
=+5. After all team members have measured the team leader’s head, record the different team leader head size measurements obtained by the individuals on your team.
=+4. Next, each individual on the team should measure the head size of the team leader. Do not share your measurement with the other team members until all team members have measured the team
=+3. Record the head sizes for the individuals on your team as measured by the team leader.
=+2. The team leader should measure and record the head size (measured as the circumference at the widest part of the forehead) of each of the other members of his or her team.
=+1. Designate a team leader for your team by choosing the person on your team who celebrated his or her last birthday most recently.
=+Use the given information on type of household in 2000 to construct a frequency distribution and a bar chart. (Be careful to extract the 2000 percentages from the given information).people.
=+the share did not keep pace. It declined from 28 percent to 27 percent. Married couples without children at home live in another 29 percent of suburban households. The remaining 15 percent are
=+In the nation’s 102 largest metropolitan areas,“nonfamilies” comprised 29 percent of households in 2000, up from 27 percent in 1990. While the number of married-with-children homes grew too,
=+article that looked at the changing makeup of America’s suburbs. The article states that nonfamily households (e.g., homes headed by a single professional or an elderly widow) now outnumber
=+1.26 “Ozzie and Harriet Don’t Live Here Anymore” (San Luis Obispo Tribune, February 26, 2002) is the title of an
=+Assuming that everyone else reported that sleepiness on the job was not a problem, summarize the given information by constructing a relative frequency bar chart.
=+or her sleep habits. The article states that “40 percent of those surveyed say they get sleepy on the job and their work suffers at least a few days each month, while 22 percent said the
=+1.25 ▼ The article “Americans Drowsy on the Job and the Road” (Associated Press, March 28, 2001) summarized data from the 2001 Sleep in America poll. Each individual in a sample of 1004
=+Use this information to construct a bar chart for type of violation, and then write a sentence or two commenting on the relative occurrence of the various types of violation.
=+Type of Violation Relative Frequency Security .43 Maintenance .39 Flight operations .06 Hazardous materials .03 Other .09
=+1.24 ● The article “Just How Safe Is That Jet?” (USA Today, March 13, 2000) gave the following relative frequency distribution that summarized data on the type of violation for fines imposed
=+b. Would it be appropriate to construct a dotplot for these data? Why or why not?
=+a. Summarize the given ratings by constructing a relative frequency distribution and a bar chart. Comment on the interesting features of your bar chart.
=+1.23 ● Water quality ratings of 36 Southern California beaches were given in the article “How Safe Is the Surf?”(Los Angeles Times, October 26, 2002). The ratings, which ranged from A to F
=+Summarize the given data on reason for leaving the university using a bar chart and write a few sentences commenting on the most common reasons for leaving.
=+are summarized in the following frequency distribution:Reason for Leaving the University Frequency Academic problems 7 Poor advising or teaching 3 Needed a break 2 Economic reasons 11 Family
=+1.22 ● The article “So Close, Yet So Far: Predictors of Attrition in College Seniors” (Journal of College Student Development [1998]: 343–348) examined the reasons that college seniors
=+LSU 212 Texas 226 Notre Dame 213 Arizona 227 Ohio State 213 Illinois 229 Tennessee 213 Wisconsin 229 Virginia 214 Notre Dame 230 N.C. State 214 Syracuse 232 Oklahoma 214 Maryland 233 Auburn 219
=+differences for basketball players. Comment on the similarities and differences in the two plots.Football Basketball Difference Difference from overall from overall graduation graduation School
=+rate (12 means 2% higher) and a negative number means the athletes had a lower graduation rate than the overall graduation rate (22 means 2% lower). Using the same scale, construct a dotplot of the
=+at top-ranked universities. The graduation rates were expressed as a difference between the graduation rate for scholarship athletes and the university’s overall graduation rate for men. A
=+1.21 ● ▼ USA Today compared the average graduation rates for male football and basketball scholarship players
=+b. Do you think that it would be reasonable to combine some of these contributing factors into a single category?If so, which categories would you combine and why?
=+a. Construct a bar chart for the data on the most important contributing factor.
=+1.20 ● A 2005 AP-IPSOS poll found that 21% of American adults surveyed said their child was heavier than doctors recommend. The reasons given as the most important contributing factor to the
=+“Plagiarism is a significant problem in academic institutions.” The responses are summarized in the accompanying table. Construct a bar chart for these data.Response Frequency Strongly
=+1.19 ● ▼ The Computer Assisted Assessment Center at the University of Luton published a report titled “Technical Review of Plagiarism Detection Software.” The authors of this report asked
=+c. Construct a bar chart to display the given data on literacy level.
=+b. Would it be appropriate to display the given information using a dotplot? Explain why or why not.
=+a. Is the variable literacy level categorical or numerical?
=+1.18 The U.S. Department of Education reported that 14%of adults were classified as being below a basic literacy level, 29% were classified as being at a basic literacy level, 44% were classified
=+Construct a bar chart for these data and write a sentence or two commenting on the most common types of identity theft complaints.
=+1.17 ● The article “Fraud, Identity Theft Afflict Consumers” (San Luis Obispo Tribune, February 2, 2005)included the accompanying breakdown of identity theft complaints by type.Type of
=+Use a dotplot to display these data. Write a few sentences commenting on the notable features of the dotplot.
=+Road to Perdition 99.1 My Big Fat Greek Wedding 82.3 Spirit: Stallion of the Cimarron 73.2 Spy Kids 2: Island of Lost Dreams 69.1 Divine Secrets of the Ya-Ya Sisterhood 68.8 Insomnia 67.0 Stuart
=+Box office totals for the top summer films in 2002 are given in the following table (USA Today, September 3, 2002):Box Office Film (millions of dollars)Spider-Man 403.7 Star Wars: Episode II 300.1
=+1.16 ● Spider-Man and Star Wars: Episode II were the top moneymakers among the summer 2002 movie releases.
=+d. Which type of graphical display would be an appropriate choice for summarizing the weight data, a bar chart or a dotplot?
=+c. Which type of graphical display would be an appropriate choice for summarizing the gender data, a bar chart or a dotplot?
=+b. Which of these variables are discrete numerical?
=+a. Which of these variables are categorical?
=+ who had recently pur-following variables was recorded:Gender of purchaser Brand of motorcycle purchased Number of previous motorcycles owned by purchaser Telephone area code of purchaser Weight of
=+d. The actual net weight of each of 12 bags of fertilizer having a labeled weight of 50 lb is determined.ns are monitored during a time devoted to commer-
=+c. The number of gas pumps in use at each of 20 gas stations at a particular time is determined.
=+b. The grade point average for each of the 15 seniors in a statistics class is determined.
=+a. The manufacturer for each of the next 10 automobiles to pass through a given intersection is noted.
=+1.14 For each of the following situations, give a set of possible data values that might arise from making the observations described.
=+d. The price per gallon paid by the next customer to buy gas at a particular station
=+c. The distance from the left edge at which a 12-in. plastic ruler snaps when bent sufficiently to break
=+b. The altitude of a location in California selected randomly by throwing a dart at a map of the state
=+a. The length of a 1-year-old rattlesnake
=+1.13 For the following numerical attributes, state whether each is discrete or continuous.
=+d. The number of students in a class of 35 who have purchased a used copy of the textbook
=+c. The number of New York Yankees during a given year who will not play for the Yankees the next year
=+b. The amount by which a 1-lb package of ground beef decreases in weight (because of moisture loss) before purchase
=+a. The number of insufficient-funds checks received by a grocery store during a given month
=+1.12 For the following numerical attributes, state whether each is discrete or continuous.
=+1.11 Classify each of the following attributes as either categorical or numerical. For those that are numerical, determine whether they are discrete or continuous.a. Brand of computer purchased by
=+e. Birth order classification (only child, firstborn, middle child, lastborn) of a math major
=+d. Thickness of the gelatin coating of a vitamin E capsule
=+c. Amount of fluid (in ounces) dispensed by a machine used to fill bottles with soda pop
=+determine whether they are discrete or continuous.a. Number of students in a class of 35 who turn in a term paper before the due dateb. Gender of the next baby born at a particular hospital
=+1.10 Classify each of the following attributes as either categorical or numerical. For those that are numerical,
=+1.9 A building contractor has a chance to buy an odd lot of 5000 used bricks at an auction. She is interested in determining the proportion of bricks in the lot that are cracked and therefore
=+1.8 A consumer group conducts crash tests of new model cars. To determine the severity of damage to 2006 Mazda 6s resulting from a 10-mph crash into a concrete wall, the research group tests six
=+1 7 ▼ Representatives of the insurance industry wished to sulting from earthquake ngs in Northridge, Califor-set of all single-family s were selected for tion and sample for this problem.
=+1.6 The supervisors of a rural county are interested in the proportion of property owners who support the construction of a sewer system. Because it is too costly to contact all 7000 property
=+1.5 The student senate at a university with 15,000 students is interested in the proportion of students who favor a change in the grading system to allow for plus and minus grades (e.g., B1, B,
=+1.4 Based on a study of 2121 children between the ages of one and four, researchers at the Medical College of Wisconsin concluded that there was an association between iron deficiency and the
=+1.3 Data from a poll conducted by Travelocity led to the following estimates: Approximately 40% of travelers chec phon and(San give pute p
=+1.2 Give a brief definition of the terms population and sample.

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