Bias and variability. Figure 3.5 shows the behavior of a sample statistic in many samples in four situations. These graphs are like those in Figures 3.1 and 3.2. That is, the heights of the bars show how often the sample statistic took various values in many samples from the same population. The true value of the population parameter is marked on each graph. Label each of the graphs in Figure 3.5 as showing high or low bias and as showing high or low variability.AppendixLO1

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Population parameter Population parameter (a) (b) Population parameter (c) Population parameter (d) Figure 3.5 Take many samples from the same population and make a histogram of the values taken by a sample statistic. Here are the results for four different sampling methods, for Exercise 3.13.