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systems analysis and design

Questions and Answers of Systems Analysis And Design

17. The sidebar in Section 11.5.2 presents ways in which program performance can be improved. For each of the tips in the sidebar, state whether a computer organization and architecture issue is
5. A company that is selling database management optimization software contacts you to pitch its product. The representative claims that the memory management software will reduce page fault rates
2. With regard to the performance data cited for programs v, w, x, y, and z in Section 11.3, find the geometric means of the run times of the programs for System B and System C, using System A as the
1. Table 11.2 shows an execution mix and run times for two computers, System A and System C. In this example, System C is 83% faster than System A. Table 11.3 shows run times for System A with a
20. What are the advantages and disadvantages of caching disk writes?
19. What is disk prefetching? What are its advantages and disadvantages?
18. How is LOOK different from SCAN?
17. What is the risk involved in using the SSTF disk scheduling algorithm?
16. According to queuing theory, what is the critical disk utilization percentage?
15. Define the terms loop fusion, loop fission, loop peeling, and loop interchange.
14. Give three examples of pipeline hazards.
13. What is branch prediction? What is it used for?
12. Explain delayed branching.
11. How is the focus of the TPC different from SPEC?
10. Explain the term benchmarketing.
5. Give a definition for optimum performance.
3. Which of the means is useful for comparing rates?
10. Explain the challenges of embedded software development. How do designers answer these challenges?
3.a) Show how a two-input XOR gate can be implemented in the PAL shown below.b) Show how a two-input NAND gate can be implemented in the PLA shown below. X a) b)
14. How is embedded systems software development different from general-purpose software development?
13. What are the major considerations in selecting an operating system for an embedded system?
12. How do real-time operating systems differ from non-real-time operating systems?
11. Why is the prevention of memory leaks so important in embedded systems?
10. Why is virtual memory not often used in embedded systems?
9. In what ways does SpecC differ from SystemC?
6. How does one program an FPGA?
5. What is the difference between a PLA and a PAL?
34. Research quantum computing and provide a summary of a recent article on the topic.
33. Indicate whether each of the following applies to CISC or RISC by placing either a C (for CISC)or an R (for RISC) in the blank._____ 1. Simple instructions averaging one clock cycle to
32. With respect to Flynn’s taxonomy, where do systolic arrays fit? What about clusters of workstations?
31. Explain the differences between SIMD and systolic array computing when the systolic array is one-dimensional.
30. These two questions deal with a single perceptron of a neural network.a) The logical NOT is a little trickier than AND or OR, but can be done. In this case, there is only one Boolean input. What
29. Describe the process of supervised learning in neural networks from a mathematical perspective.
28. Compare and contrast supervised learning and unsupervised learning with regard to neural networks.
27. Do neural networks process information sequentially? Explain.
26. Should the memory of a dataflow system be associative or address based? Explain.
24. Given the following Omega network, which allows 8 CPUs (P0 through P7) to access 8 memory modules (M0 through M7):a) Show how the following connections through the network are achieved (explain
22. What is the difference between UMA and NUMA?
21. Why are distributed systems desirable?
20. Compare and contrast the superscalar architecture to the VLIW architecture.
19. Which model, VLIW or superscalar, presents the greater challenge for compilers? Why?
18. Describe briefly and compare the VLIW and superscalar models with respect to instruction-level parallelism.
16. What is the difference between SIMD and SPMD?
15. How are SIMD and MIMD similar? How are they different? Note: You are not to define the terms, but instead compare the models.
13. Explain the difference between loosely coupled and tightly coupled architectures.
9. Recall our discussions from Chapter 8 regarding context switches. These occur when one process stops using the CPU and another process begins. In this sense, register windows could be viewed as a
5. A RISC processor has 8 global registers and 10 register windows. Each window has 4 input registers, 8 local registers, and 4 output registers. How many total registers are in this CPU?(Hint:
1. Why do RISC machines operate on registers?
25. What kinds of problems are suitable for solution by systolic arrays?
24. Through what metaphor do systolic arrays get their name? Why is the metaphor fairly accurate?
23. Describe how neural networks “learn.”
22. What is the fundamental computing element of a neural network?
21. What is reentrant code?
20. What differentiates dataflow architectures from “traditional” computational architectures?
19. What is ubiquitous computing?
18. What is SETI, and how does it use the distributed computing model?
17. Describe grid computing and some applications for which it is suitable.
16. Describe one of the cache consistency protocols discussed in this chapter.
15. There are three types of shared memory organizations. What are they?
14. Draw pictures of the six principal interconnection network topologies.
13. Give two reasons for the efficiency of vector processors.
12. Explain the limitation inherent in a register-register vector processing architecture.
11. What are the similarities and differences between EPIC and VLIW?
10. In what way does a VLIW design differ from a superpipelined design?
8. Define superpipelining.
5. What is the difference between MPP and SMP processors?
1. Why was the RISC architecture concept proposed?
25. Research various command line interfaces (such as Unix, MS-DOS, and VMS) and different windows interfaces (such as any Microsoft Windows product, MacOS, and KDE).a) Consider some of the major
24. We said that the risk of deadlock is always present anytime a system resource is locked. Describe a way in which deadlock can occur.
23. To improve performance, your company has decided to replicate its product database across several servers so that not all transactions go through a single system. What sorts of issues will need
22. In what ways are n-tiered transaction processing architectures superior to single-tiered architectures? Which usually costs more?
21. Answer the following with respect to database processing:a) What is a race condition? Give an example.b) How can race conditions be prevented?c) What are the risks in race condition prevention?
18. The Java bytecode for access to the local variable array for a class is at most two bytes long. One byte is used for the opcode; the other indicates the offset into the array. How many variables
16. Why do you suppose the method area of a JVM is global to all of the threads running in the virtual machine environment?
4. What is the difference between multiprogramming and multiprocessing? Multiprogramming and multithreading?
3. If you were writing code for a real-time operating system, what restrictions might you want to impose on the system? Hint: Think about the types of things that cause unpredictable reaction times.
35. What services do transaction managers provide?
34. Database logs serve two purposes. What are they?
33. What is a race condition?
32. Explain the ACID properties of a database system.
31. Why are database reorganizations necessary?
30. Which data structure is most commonly used to index databases?
29. How is a logical database schema different from a physical database schema?
28. What is a magic number that identifies a Java class file?
25. How does an interpreter differ from a compiler?
24. Describe the purpose of each phase of a compiler.
23. What is the purpose of a link editor? How is it different from a dynamic link library?
22. How does absolute code differ from relocatable code?
21. Describe the programming language hierarchy. Why is a triangle a suitable symbol for representing this hierarchy?
20. Name some advantages of server consolidation. Is server consolidation a good idea for every enterprise?
19. What is the difference between a subsystem and a logical partition?
18. The operating system and a user program hold two different perceptions of a virtual machine. Explain how they differ.
17. What is an overlay? Why are overlays no longer needed in large computer systems?
16. Besides process management, what are the other two important functions of an operating system?
15. Describe the steps involved in performing a context switch.
14. Which process scheduling method is provably optimal?
13. Which method of process scheduling is most useful in a timesharing environment?
12. What is meant by preemptive scheduling?
11. How is long-term process scheduling different from short-term process scheduling?
10. What are the benefits and drawbacks to a GUI operating system interface?

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