a. Copy and complete the two equations below, which can be used to show the nitration of methylbenzene:

i. C₆H₅CH₃ + NO₂⁺ → _— + _—     

ii. 

iii. Name the possible mono-substituted products in parts i and ii.

iv. 1-methyl-2,4-dinitrobenzene and 1-methyl- 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene are formed on further nitration of methylbenzene. Draw the displayed formula of each compound.

b. Benzene also undergoes electrophilic substitution when refluxed with fuming sulfuric acid for several hours. This is called sulfonation. The electrophile is the SO₃ molecule and the product formed is benzenesulfonic acid, C₆H₅SO₃H.

i Which atom in the SO₃ molecule accepts an electron pair in the mechanism of sulfonation?

ii. Write an equation in the style of part a i for the sulfonation of benzene to form benzenesulfonic acid.

Transcribed Image Text:

H,So, CH,CH, + HNO,