11. Descriptive designs are those studies that do not use random assignment of partici- pants or researcher
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11. Descriptive designs are those studies that do not use random assignment of partici- pants or researcher manipulation of the independent variable; as a result of lacking these controls, these research designs can- not demonstrate causation.
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Communication Research Asking Questions Finding Answers
ISBN: 9780078036910
4th Edition
Authors: Joann Keyton
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