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engineering
introduction mechanical engineering

Questions and Answers of Introduction Mechanical Engineering

Why can the principal coordinates of an undamped system be used as principal coordinates for a viscously damped system with proportional damping?
If the lowest natural frequency of a system is zero, what is \(\operatorname{det} \mathbf{M}^{-1} \mathbf{K}\) ?
How many nodes located in the system should be expected for the third mode of a seven degree-of-freedom system?
The eigenvalues of \(\mathbf{M}^{-1} \mathbf{K}\) are 20, 50, and 100. What are the eigenvalues of AM?
The eigenvalues of \(\mathbf{M}^{-1} \mathbf{K}\) are 16,49, 100, and 225. What are the natural frequencies of the system?
For the system of Figure SP8.42, calculate \((\mathbf{x}, \mathbf{y})_{K}\) for \(\mathbf{x}=\left[\begin{array}{lll}3 & 2 & -1\end{array}\right]^{T}\) and
For the system of Figure SP8.42, calculate Rayleigh's quotient for \(\mathbf{x}=\left[\begin{array}{lll}3 & 2 & -1\end{array}\right]^{T}\).
A mode shape vector of a two degree-of-freedom system is \(\left[\begin{array}{ll}1 & 2\end{array}\right]^{T}\). The mass matrix for the system is \(\boldsymbol{M}=\left[\begin{array}{ll}2 & 0 \\ 0 &
A mode-shape vector of a two degree-of-freedom system is \([12]^{T}\). Is this the modeshape vector for the first mode, which corresponds to the lowest natural frequency, or the higher mode? Why?
A mode-shape vector of a two degree-of-freedom system is \(\left[\begin{array}{ll}1 & 2\end{array}\right]^{T}\). The mass matrix for the system is \(\boldsymbol{M}=\left[\begin{array}{ll}2 & 0 \\ 0 &
A normalized mode-shape vector for a two degree-of-freedom system is \(\left[\begin{array}{ll}0.1 & 0.3\end{array}\right]^{T}\). The stiffness matrix for the system is
Can the vectors \(\left[\begin{array}{lll}1 & 2 & 2.5\end{array}\right]^{T}\) and \(\left[\begin{array}{lll}1 & 2 & -2\end{array}\right]^{T}\) be mode shape vectors of a system with a diagonal mass
A three degree-of-freedom undamped system has natural frequencies of \(10 \mathrm{rad} / \mathrm{s}\), \(25 \mathrm{rad} / \mathrm{s}\), and \(50 \mathrm{rad} / \mathrm{s}\). What are the
A three degree-of-freedom system with viscous damping that is proportional to the stiffness matrix has natural frequencies of \(10 \mathrm{rad} / \mathrm{s}, 25 \mathrm{rad} / \mathrm{s}\), and \(50
A system has the differential equations\(\left[\begin{array}{lll}5 & 0 & 0 \\ 0 & 3 & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & 2\end{array}\right]\left[\begin{array}{c}\ddot{x}_{1} \\ \ddot{x}_{2} \\
Lagrange's equations are used to derive the differential equations for a three degree-of-freedom system resulting in\(\left[\begin{array}{lll}m_{11} & m_{12} & m_{13} \\ m_{21} & m_{22} & m_{23}
In a single stage impulse turbine the blade angles are equal and the nozzle angle is \(20^{\circ}\). The velocity coefficient for the blade is 0.83. Find the mzximum blade efficiency possible. If the
The following data refer to a compound impulse turbine having two rows of moving blades and one row of fixed blades in between them.Nozzle angle \(=15^{\circ}\), Exit velocity of steam from the
In a stage of impulse-reaction turbine, steam enters with a speed of \(250 \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{s}\) at an angle of \(30^{\circ}\) in the direction of blade motion. The mean blade speed is \(150
At a stage of reaction turbine, the mean diameter of rotor is \(1.4 \mathrm{~m}\). the speed ratio is 0.7. Determine the blade inlet angle if the blade outlet angle is \(20^{\circ}\). The rotor speed
In a \(50 \%\) reaction turbine stage running at \(50 \mathrm{rps}\), the exit angles are \(30^{\circ}\) and the inlet angles are \(50^{\circ}\). The mean diameter is \(1 \mathrm{~m}\). The steam
A single row impulse turbine develops \(130 \mathrm{~kW}\) at a blade speed of \(180 \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{s}\) using \(2 \mathrm{~kg} / \mathrm{s}\) of steam. The steam leaves the nozzle at \(400
A simple impulse turbine has one ring of moving blades running at \(150 \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{s}\). The absolute velocity of steam at exit from the stage is \(80 \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{s}\) at an
In a single stage impulse turbine, nozzle angle is \(20^{\circ}\) and blade angles are equal. The velocity coefficient for blades is 0.85 . calculate the maximum blade efficiency possible. If the
In a single stage steam turbine saturated steam at 10 bar is supplied through a convergent divergent steam nozzle of \(20^{\circ}\) angle. The mean blade speed is \(400 \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{s}\).
The first stage of an impulse turbine is compounded for velocity and has two rows of moving blades and one ring of fixed blades. The nozzle angle is \(15^{\circ}\) and leaving angles of blades are
In a steam condenser, the partial pressure of steam and air are 0.060 bar and 0.007 bar respectively. The condenser pressure is(a) 0.067 bar(b) 0.060 bar(c) 0.053 bar(d) 0.007 bar
Cooling tower in a steam power plant is a device for(a) condensing steam into water(b) cooling the exhaust gases coming out the boiler(c) reducing the temperature of superheated steam(d) reducing the
The function of the surface condenser is to(a) lower the engine thermal efficiency(b) increase the engine thermal efficiency(c) increase the black pressure of the engine(d) cool the exhaust gases
In a jet condenser(a) steam and cooling water mix together(b) steam and cooling water do not mix together(c) steam passes through tubes and cooling water surrounds them(d) cooling water passes
A surface condenser is a(a) water tube device(b) steam tube device(c) steam and cooling water mix to give the condensate(d) all of the above
The air removal from the surface condenser leads to(a) fall in condenser pressure(b) rise in condenser pressure(c) no change in condenser pressure(d) rise in condenser temperature
Edward's air pump(a) removes only air from the condenser(b) removes air and vapour from the condenser(c) removes only uncondensed vapour from condenser(d) removes air along with vapour and condensed
Vacuum efficiency of a condenser is defined as:(a) \(\frac{\text { Actual vacuum in condenser with air present }=p_{b}-p_{t}}{\text { Theoretical vacuum in condenser without air present
Condenser efficiency is defined as :(a) \(\frac{t_{o w}-t_{i w}}{t_{s}-t_{i w}}\)(b) \(\frac{t_{s}-t_{i w}}{t_{o w}-t_{i w}}\)(c) \(\frac{t_{o w}-t_{i w}}{t_{s}}\)(d) \(\frac{t_{s}}{t_{o w}-t_{i w}}\)
The function of a condenser is to(a) condense steam(b) maintain pressure below atmospheric pressure(c) increase work output of prime mover(d) all of the above
Evaporative condenser has(a) steam in pipes(b) meter in pipes(c) steam mixed with meter in pipes(d) all of the above
Define a condenser.
What are the functions of a condenser ?
Name the various elements of a steam condensing plant.
What are the various types of steam condenser ?
Differentiate between jet and surface condensers.
What is an evaporative condenser ?
What are the requirements of a modern surface condenser ?
List the advantages and disadvantages of a jet condenser.
What are the advantages and disadvantages of surface condensers ?
State Dalton’s law of partial pressures.
How the mass of cooling water can be estimated in a surface condenser?
What are the sources of air infiltration in condenser ?
What are the effects of air infiltration in condensers ?
Define vacuum efficiency and condenser efficiency.
What is the role of cooling towers in surface condenser ?
Describe various types of cooling towers.
The vacuum in a condenser handling \(9000 \mathrm{~kg} / \mathrm{h}\) of steam is found to be \(72 \mathrm{~cm}\) of \(\mathrm{Hg}\) when Barometer reading is \(76 \mathrm{~cm}\) of \(\mathrm{Hg}\)
A steam condenser has separate air and condensate pumps. The entry to air pump suction is screened. Steam enters the condenser at \(38^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) and the condensate is removed at
A surface condenser deals with \(13625 \mathrm{~kg}\) of steam per hour at a pressure of \(0.09 \mathrm{bar}\). The steam enters 0.85 dry and the temperature at the condensate and air extraction
A surface condenser having an absolute pressure of 0.10 bar is supplied with cooling water at the rate of \(40 \mathrm{~kg}\) of steam condensed. The rise in the temperature of cooling water is
A steam turbine discharges \(5000 \mathrm{~kg} / \mathrm{h}\) of steam at \(40^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) and 0.85 dry. The air leakage in the condenser is \(15 \mathrm{~kg} / \mathrm{h}\). The temperature
A steam turbine uses \(50,000 \mathrm{~kg} / \mathrm{h}\) of steam. The exhaust steam with dryness fraction 0.9 enters the condenser fitted with water extraction and air pumps. When the barometer
The temperature in a surface condenser is \(40^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) and the vacuum is \(69 \mathrm{~cm}\) of \(\mathrm{Hg}\) while the barometer reads \(75 \mathrm{~cm}\) of \(\mathrm{Hg}\).
In a condenser, to check the leakage of air, the following procedure is adopted:After running the plant to reach the steady conditions, the steam supply to the condenser and also the air and
A surface condenser is required to deal with \(20,000 \mathrm{~kg}\) of steam per hour. The air leakage is estimated at \(0.3 \mathrm{~kg}\) per \(1000 \mathrm{~kg}\) of steam. The steam enters the
A surface condenser deals with \(13000 \mathrm{~kg} / \mathrm{h}\) of steam. The leakage air in the system amounts to \(1 \mathrm{~kg}\) per \(2700 \mathrm{~kg}\) of steam. The vacuum in the air pump
A gas turbine works on(a) Otto cycle(b) Rantine cycle(c) Brayton cycle(d) Stirling cycle
In a gas turbine cycle, the turbine output is \(600 \mathrm{~kJ} / \mathrm{kg}\), compressor work is \(400 \mathrm{~kJ} / \mathrm{kg}\) and heat supplied is \(1000 \mathrm{~kJ} / \mathrm{kg}\). The
The thermal efficiency of gas turbine as compared to diesel engine is(a) higher(b) lower(c) same(d) unpredictable.
For a gas turbine the pressure ratio may be in the range(a) 2 to 3(b) 3 to 5(c) 6 to 10(d) 12 to 16
With the increase in pressure ratio thermal efficiency of a simple gas turbine plant with fixed turbine inlet temperature(a) increases(b) decreases(c) first increases and then decreases(d) first
The thermal efficiency of closed cycle gas turbine is given by(a) \(1-\frac{1}{r_{p}^{\gamma-1}}\)(b) \(1-\frac{1}{r_{p}^{(\gamma-1) / \gamma}}\)(c) \(1-r_{p}\)(d) \(r_{p}-1\)
Give the fields of application of gas turbines.
What are the limitations of gas turbines ?
Compare gas turbines with I.C. engines.
How gas turbines are classified ?
Explain the working of constant pressure combustion gas turbine with(a) open cycle, and (b) closed cycle.
Explain the working of constant volume combustion gas turbine.
Compare open cycle and closed cycle gas turbines.
Define an expression for thermal efficiency of Brayton cycle.
In a gas turbine, air at a temperature of \(15^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) and 1 bar pressure enters the compressor, where it is compressed to 5 bar. Air enters the turbine at a temperature of \(815^{\circ}
A gas turbine works on Brayton cycle between \(27^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) and \(827^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\). Determine the maximum not work per \(\mathrm{kg}\) and cycle efficiency. Take \(c_{p}=1.005
A gas turbine set takes in air at \(27^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) and \(1 \mathrm{~atm}\). The pressure ratio is 4 and the maximum temperature is \(560^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\). The compressor and turbine
The maximum and minimum temperature occurring in a closed cycle gas turbine plant are \(927^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) and \(37^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\). The pressure at the outlet and the inlet of the
A screw jack is a _____ machine.
A centre lathe is a _____ machine.
Mechanical advantage is the ratio of _____ to _____.
Velocity ratio is the ratio of distance moved by _____ to distance moved by _____.
Efficiency is the ratio of _____ to _____.
The efficiency of an ideal machine is _____
The efficiency of a reversible machine is _____ 50 percent.
The efficiency of a self-locking machine is _____ 50 percent.
Maximum mechanical advantage is _____.
The velocity ratio of first system of pulleys is _____.
The velocity ratio of second system of pulley is _____.
The velocity ratio of third systemof pulleys is _____.
The efficiency of an ideal machine is 50%. True or False
The bicycle is a simple machine. True or False
The milling machine is a compound machine. True or False
Mechanical advantage is the ratio of effort applied to load lifted. True or False
Efficiency is the ratio of output to input. True or False
The efficiency of a reversible machine is less than 50%. True or False
The efficiency of self-locking machine is less than 50%. True or False

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