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engineering
introduction mechanical engineering

Questions and Answers of Introduction Mechanical Engineering

A \(110 \mathrm{~kg}\) pump is mounted on an isolator of stiffness \(4 \times 10^{5} \mathrm{~N} / \mathrm{m}\) and a damping ratio of 0.15 . The pump is given a sudden velocity of \(30 \mathrm{~m} /
During operation, a \(50-\mathrm{kg}\) machine tool is subject to the short-duration pulse of Figure P5.36. Design an isolator that minimizes the maximum displacement and reduces the maximum
Repeat Chapter Problem 5.36 for the short-duration pulse of Figure P5.37.Data From Chapter Problem 5.36:During operation, a \(50-\mathrm{kg}\) machine tool is subject to the short-duration pulse of
A ship is moored at a dock in rough seas and frequently impacts the dock. The maximum velocity change caused by the impact is \(15 \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{s}\). Design an isolator to protect a
A one-story frame structure with an equivalent mass of \(12,000 \mathrm{~kg}\) and stiffness of \(1.8 \times 10^{6} \mathrm{~N} / \mathrm{m}\) is subject to a blast whose force is given in Figure
A \(20 \mathrm{~kg}\) machine tool is on a foundation that is subject to an acceleration that is modeled as a versed sine pulse with a magnitude of \(20 \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{s}^{2}\) and duration of
During operation, a \(100 \mathrm{~kg}\) machine tool is exposed to a force that is modeled as a sinusoidal pulse with a magnitude of \(3100 \mathrm{~N}\) and duration of \(0.05 \mathrm{~s}\). Design
During operation a \(80 \mathrm{~kg}\) machine tool is subject to a triangular pulse with a magnitude of \(30,000 \mathrm{~N}\) and duration of \(0.15 \mathrm{~s}\). What is the range of undamped
A two degree-of-freedom system has two natural frequencies.Indicate whether the statement presented is true or false. If true, state why. If false, rewrite the statement to make it true.
The natural frequencies are determined by setting \(\left|\omega^{2} \mathbf{K}-\mathbf{M}\right|=0\).Indicate whether the statement presented is true or false. If true, state why. If false, rewrite
The natural frequencies of a two degree-of-freedom system depend upon the choice of generalized coordinates used to model the system.Indicate whether the statement presented is true or false. If
The natural frequencies for an undamped two-degree-of-freedom system are determined by solving for the roots of a fourth-order polynomial that only has even powers of the frequency.Indicate whether
The modal fraction represents the damping of each mode.Indicate whether the statement presented is true or false. If true, state why. If false, rewrite the statement to make it true.
The principal coordinates are the generalized coordinates for which the mass matrix and the stiffness matrix are symmetric matrices.Indicate whether the statement presented is true or false. If true,
The free response of a damped two degree-of-freedom system has two modes of vibration, both of which are underdamped.Indicate whether the statement presented is true or false. If true, state why. If
A displacement of a node for a mode of a two degree-of-freedom system can serve as a principal coordinate.Indicate whether the statement presented is true or false. If true, state why. If false,
The modal fractions for a two degree-of-freedom system depend upon the choice of generalized coordinates used to model the system.Indicate whether the statement presented is true or false. If true,
The sinusoidal transfer function can be used to determine the steady-state response of a two degree-of-freedom system.Indicate whether the statement presented is true or false. If true, state why. If
Addition of an undamped vibration absorber transforms a SDOF system into a system with two degrees of freedom.Indicate whether the statement presented is true or false. If true, state why. If false,
The undamped vibration absorber is tuned to the natural frequency of the primary system to eliminate steady-state vibrations of the absorber.Indicate whether the statement presented is true or false.
An optimally tuned damped vibration absorber is tuned such that only the amplitude of vibration during start-up is minimized.Indicate whether the statement presented is true or false. If true, state
Addition of a dynamic vibration absorber to a damped primary system will eliminate the steady-state vibrations of the primary system if the absorber is tuned to the excitation frequency.Indicate
A Houdaille damper is used for vibration control in engine crankshafts.Indicate whether the statement presented is true or false. If true, state why. If false, rewrite the statement to make it true.
Draw a FBD of the block whose displacement is \(x_{1}\) of Figure SP6.16 at an arbitrary instant of time, appropriately labeling the forces. FIGURE SP6.16 m X1 -x2 m2
Draw a FBD of the block whose displacement is \(x_{2}\) of Figure SP6.17 at an arbitrary instant of time, appropriately labeling the forces. k FIGURE SP6.17 -x2 m m
What is the normal-mode solution and how is it used?
Discuss the difference in the assumed solution for free vibrations of an undamped two degree-of-freedom system and one with viscous damping.
What does a real solution of the fourth-order equation for a system with viscous damping to solve for \(\lambda\) mean regarding the mode of vibration?
What does a complex solution of the fourth-order equation for a system with viscous damping to solve for \(\lambda\) mean regarding the mode of vibration?
What is the meaning of the transfer function \(G_{1,2}(s)\) ?
Define the sinusoidal transfer function.
Write the differential equations for the principal coordinates of free undamped vibrations of a two degree-of-freedom system with natural frequencies \(\omega_{1}\) and \(\omega_{2}\).
A two degree-of-freedom system has a mode with a modal fraction equal to zero. What does this imply?
A two degree-of-freedom system has a mode with a modal fraction equal to one. What does this imply?
How many nodes are there for the mode corresponding to the lowest natural frequency of a two degree-of-freedom system?
If the differential equations governing a two degree-of-freedom system are uncoupled when a certain set of generalized coordinates are used, the coordinates must be coordinates of the system.
The general form of the transfer function is\[ G(s)=\frac{N(s)}{D(s)} \]The transfer functions \(G_{1,1}(s)\) and \(G_{2,1}(s)\), defined for a two degree-of-freedom system, have which in common
State the convolution integral solution for the forced response of the generalized coordinate \(x_{1}(t)\) when due to a force \(F(t)\) applied at the location where the second generalized coordinate
How are the amplitudes and phases determined for free vibrations of a two degree-of-freedom system?
How is \(G(i \omega)\) resolved into polar coordinates?
What is the vibration amplitude of the primary system when a dynamic vibration absorber tuned to the excitation frequency is added to the system?
How does a dynamic vibration absorber work?
When is a vibration damper used?
What two problems does the addition of damping address when added to a vibration absorber?
How is the optimum damping ratio of a Houdaille damper defined?
The equation\[ 6 \omega^{4}-27 \omega^{2}+21=0 \]is an equation developed to determine the natural frequencies of a system. Solve the equation to determine the natural frequencies.
The equations for the natural frequencies and mode shape vectors of a two degree-of-freedom system are\[ \left[\begin{array}{cc} -\omega^{2}+3 & -2 \\ -2 & -\omega^{2}+2
A two degree-of-freedom system has a modal fraction for one of its mode shapes of -1 . (a) Draw the mode shape diagram corresponding to that mode. (b) Does the mode shape correspond to the lower or
The transfer function for one generalized coordinate of a two degree-of-freedom system is\[ G(s)=\frac{1}{s^{4}+3 s^{2}+2} \](a) Calculate \(G(3 i)\).(b) What are the natural frequencies of the
The transfer function for a generalized coordinate, \(x_{1}\), of a two degree-offreedom system, due to a force at the other generalized coordinate, \(x_{2}\), is\[ G(s)=\frac{1}{s^{4}+2 s^{3}+4
A machine vibrates at a frequency ratio of 1.05. A vibration absorber tuned to the excitation frequency is added to the machine. What is the value of(a) \(r_{2}\),(b) \(r_{1}\),(c) \(q\) ?
If the mass ratio of the absorber of Short Problem 6.43 is 0.2 and the natural frequency of the primary system is \(100 \mathrm{rad} / \mathrm{s}\), what are the natural frequencies with the absorber
A machine is excited at a frequency of \(30 \mathrm{~Hz}\) by a force with an amplitude of \(200 \mathrm{~N}\). It is desired to eliminate steady-state vibrations of the machine by addition of a
An optimally damped vibration absorber is being designed for a primary system of natural frequency \(100 \mathrm{rad} / \mathrm{s}\). The mass of the machine is \(50 \mathrm{~kg}\) and the mass of
An optimally designed Houdaille damper is to be used to absorb the vibrations of a rotational system. The moment of inertia of the primary system is \(0.1 \mathrm{~kg} \cdot \mathrm{m}^{2}\) and the
Derive the differential equation governing the two degree-of-freedom system shown in Figure P6.1 using \(x_{1}\) and \(x_{2}\) as generalized coordinates. k FIGURE P6.1 11 k E -X2 2m 2k
Derive the differential equation governing the two degree-of-freedom system shown in Figure P6.2 using \(x\) and \(\theta\) as generalized coordinates. 1 L 22 2 Mo siner k m FIGURE P6.2 Slender bar
Derive the differential equations governing the two degree-of-freedom system shown in Figure P6.3 using \(\theta_{1}\) and \(\theta_{2}\) as generalized coordinates. k m 2r m FIGURE P6.3 Fosincot
Derive the differential equations governing the two degree-of-freedom system shown in Figure P6.4 using \(\theta_{1}\) and \(\theta_{2}\) as generalized coordinates. J, G J, G 3L 1 L 2 FIGURE P6.4
A two degree-of-freedom model of an airfoil shown in Figure P 6.5 is used for flutter analysis. Derive the governing differential equations using \(h\) and \(\theta\) as generalized coordinates. G k
Derive the differential equations governing the damped two degree-of-freedom system shown in Figure P6.6 using \(x_{1}\) and \(x_{2}\) as generalized coordinates. 2k 2m 2c FIGURE P6.6 k C m -X2 Fo
Derive the differential equations governing the damped two degree-of-freedom system shown in Figure P6.7 using \(x_{1}\) and \(x_{2}\) as generalized coordinates. x2 k FIGURE P6.7 m 2m
A two degree-of-freedom model of a machine tool is illustrated in Figure P6.8. Using \(x_{1}\) and \(x_{2}\) as generalized coordinates, derive the differential equations governing the motion of the
Derive the differential equation of the two degree-of-freedom model of the machine tool of Chapter Problem 6.8 using \(x\) and \(\theta\) as generalized coordinates.Data From Chapter Problem 6..8:A
Determine the natural frequencies of the system of Figure P6.1 if \(m=10 \mathrm{~kg}\) and \(k=1 \times 10^{5} \mathrm{~N} / \mathrm{m}\). Determine and graphically illustrate the mode shapes.
Determine the natural frequencies of the system of Figure P6.2 if \(m=2 \mathrm{~kg}\), \(L=1 \mathrm{~m}\) and \(k=1000 \mathrm{~N} / \mathrm{m}\). Determine the modal fractions for each mode.
Determine the natural frequencies of the system of Figure P6.3 if \(m=30 \mathrm{~g}\), \(I_{1}=8 \times 10^{-6} \mathrm{~kg} \cdot \mathrm{m}^{2}, I_{2}=2 \times 10^{-5} \mathrm{~kg} \cdot
Determine the natural frequencies of the system of Figure P 6.4 if \(I_{1}=0.3 \mathrm{~kg} \cdot \mathrm{m}^{2}\), \(I_{2}=0.4 \mathrm{~kg} \cdot \mathrm{m}^{2}, J_{1}=J_{2}=1.6 \times 10^{-8}
An overhead crane is modeled as a two degree-of-freedom system as shown in Figure P6.14. The crane is modeled as a mass of \(1000 \mathrm{~kg}\) on a steel \((E=200 \times\) \(10^{9} \mathrm{~N} /
A seismometer of mass \(30 \mathrm{~g}\) and stiffness \(40 \mathrm{~N} / \mathrm{m}\) is used to measure the vibrations of a SDOF system of mass \(60 \mathrm{~g}\) and natural frequency \(150
Calculate the natural frequencies and modal fractions for the system of Figure P6.16. 1000 N/m 1000 N/m 2000 N/m FIGURE P6.16 4 kg -3 kg >2000 N/m
Determine the forced response to the system of Figure P6.1 and Chapter Problems 6.1 and 6.10 if the left-hand mass is given an initial displacement of \(0.001 \mathrm{~m}\) while the right-hand mass
Determine the response of the system of Figure P6.2 and Chapter Problems 6.2 and 6.11 if the particle is given an initial velocity of \(2 \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{s}\) when the system is in
Determine the response of the system of Figure P6.4 and Chapter Problems 6.4 and 6.13 if the right-hand disk is given an angular displacement of \(2^{\circ}\) clockwise from equilibrium and the
Determine the response of the system of Chapter Problem 6.14 if the crane is disturbed resulting in an initial velocity of \(10 \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{s}\) downward.Data From Chapter Problem 6.14:An
Determine the output from the seismometer of Chapter Problem 6.15 if the \(60 \mathrm{~g}\) mass is given an initial velocity of \(15 \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{s}\). Use a two degree-of-freedom system,
Determine the free response of the system of Figure P6.6 if the left-hand mass is given an initial displacement of \(0.001 \mathrm{~m}\) while the right-hand mass is held in equilibrium and the
Determine the response of the system of Figure P6.7 if the lower mass is given a displacement from equilibrium of \(0.004 \mathrm{~m}\) and the upper mass is held in its equilibrium position and the
Determine the free response of the system of Figure P6.8 if the machine tool has initial velocities of \(\dot{x}(0)=0.8 \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{s}\) and \(\dot{\theta}(0)=5 \mathrm{rad} / \mathrm{s}\).
Determine the principal coordinates for the system of Figure P6.1 and Chapter Problem 6.10. Write the differential equations which the principal coordinates satisfy.Data From Chapter Problem
Determine the principal coordinates for the system of Figure P6.2 and Chapter Problem 6.11. Write the differential equations which the principal coordinates satisfy.Data From Chapter Problem
Determine the principal coordinates for the system of Figure P6.3 and Chapter Problem 6.12. Write the differential equations which the principal coordinates satisfy.Data From Chapter Problem
Determine the principal coordinates for the system of Figure P6.4 and Chapter Problem 6.13. Write the differential equations which the principal coordinates satisfy.Data From Chapter Problem
Determine the principal coordinates for the system of Figure P6.8 if it had no damping. Write the differential equations which the principal coordinates satisfy. Use \(I=0.03 \mathrm{~kg} \cdot
Determine the principal coordinates for the system of Chapter Problem 6.9. Write the differential equations which the principal coordinates satisfy. if \(I=0.03 \mathrm{~kg} \cdot \mathrm{m}^{2}, c=0
Determine the response of the system of Figure P6.1 and Chapter Problem 6.10 due to a sinusoidal force \(200 \sin 110 t \mathrm{~N}\) applied to the block whose displacement is \(x_{1}\) using the
Determine the response of the system of Figure P6.1 and Chapter Problem 6.10 due to a sinusoidal force \(200 \sin 80 t\) applied to the block whose displacement is \(x_{2}\) using the Laplace
Determine the response of the system of Figure P6.2 and Chapter Problem 6.11 due to a sinusoidal force \(100 \sin 70 t \mathrm{~N}\) applied to the particle using the method of undetermined
Determine the response of the system of Figure P6.2 and Chapter Problem 6.11 due to a sinusoidal moment \(50 \sin 90 t \mathrm{~N} \cdot \mathrm{m}\) applied to the bar using the method of
Determine the response of the system of Figure P6.1 and Chapter Problem 6.10 due to(a) a unit impulse applied to the block whose displacement is \(x_{1}\), and(b) a unit impulse applied to the block
Determine the response of the system of Figure P6.1 and Chapter Problem 6.10 due to the force of Figure P6.36 applied to the block whose displacement is \(x_{1}\).Data From Chapter Problem
Determine the response of the system of Figure P6.2 and Chapter Problem 6.11 due to a unit impulse applied to the particle.Data From Chapter Problem 6.11:Determine the natural frequencies of the
Determine the response of the system of Figure P6.2 and Chapter Problem 6.11 due to a unit impulsive moment applied to the bar.Data From Chapter Problem 6.11:Determine the natural frequencies of the
Derive the response of the system of Figure P6.2 and Chapter Problem 6.11 due to the force of Figure P6.39 applied downward to the end of the bar.Data From Chapter Problem 6.11:Determine the natural
Derive the response of the system of Figure P6.2 and Chapter Problem 6.11 due to a moment \(M(t)=10 e^{-2 t} \mathrm{~N} \cdot \mathrm{m}\) applied to the bar.Data From Chapter Problem 6.11:Determine
Determine the response of the system of Figure P6.6 due to a force \(F(t)=20 \sin 20 t \mathrm{~N}\) applied to the block whose displacement is \(x_{2}\) using the method of undetermined
Determine the response of the system of Figure 6.7 due to a force \(F(t)=\) \(40 \sin 60 t \mathrm{~N}\) applied to the block whose displacement is \(x_{1}\) using the method of undetermined
Determine the response of the system of Figure P6.8 due to a unit impulse applied at the mass center. Use \(m=100 \mathrm{~kg}, I=4.5 \mathrm{~kg} \cdot \mathrm{m}^{2}, k=200,000 \mathrm{~N} /
Determine the response of the system of Figure P6.8 and Chapter Problem 6.43 to a unit impulse applied \(t\) to the right end or the machine tool using \(x\) and \(\theta\) as generalized
Determine the response of the system of Figure P6.8 and Chapter Problem 6.43 to the force shown in Figure P6.45 applied at the right end of the machine tool.Data From Chapter Problem 6.43:Determine

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