12.41 Helping, payment, and interactions: Expanding on the work of Heyman and Ariely (2004) as described in the previous exercise, let’s assume a higher level of payment was included and the following data were collected. (Notice that all data are the same as earlier, with the addition of new data under a high payment amount.)

Cash payment, low amount of $0.50: 4, 5, 6, 4 Cash payment, moderate amount of $5.00: 7, 8, 8, 7 Cash payment, high amount of $50.00: 9, 8, 7, 8 Candy payment, low amount, valued at $0.50: 6, 5, 7, 7 Candy payment, moderate amount, valued at $5.00: 8, 6, 5, 5 Candy payment, high amount, valued at $50.00: 6, 7, 7, 6

a. What are the independent variables and their levels? What is the dependent variable?

b. Create a table that lists the cells of the study design. Include the cell and marginal means.

c. Create a new bar graph of these data.

d. Do you think there is a significant interaction? If yes, describe it in words.

e. Now that one independent variable has three levels, which additional analyses are needed? Explain what you would do and why. Based on the graph you created, where do you think there would be significant differences?