Coupled Reactions in Biological Systems. The Gibbs energy available from the complete combustion of 1 mol of

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Coupled Reactions in Biological Systems. The Gibbs energy available from the complete combustion of 1 mol of glucose to carbon dioxide and water is

C6H12O6(aq) + 6 O(g)  6 CO2(g) + 6 HO(1) A,G = -2870 kJ mol-1

(a) Under biological standard conditions, compute the maximum number of moles of ATP that could form from ADP and phosphate if all the energy of combustion of 1 mol of glucose could be utilized.

(b) The actual number of moles of ATP formed by a cell under aerobic conditions (that is, in the presence of oxygen) is about 38. Calculate the efficiency of energy conversion of the cell.

(c) Consider these typical physiological conditions.

Pco = 0.050 bar; Po = 0.132 bar; [glucose] = 1.0 mg/mL; pH = 7.0; [ATP] = [ADP] = [P] = 0.00010 M.

Calculate ΔrG° for the conversion of 1 mol ADP to ATP and ΔrG° for the oxidation of 1 mol glucose under these conditions.

(d) Calculate the efficiency of energy conversion for the cell under the conditions given in part (c).

Compare this efficiency with that of a diesel engine that attains 78% of the theoretical efficiency operating with Th = 1923 K and T1 = 873 K. Suggest a reason for your result.

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General Chemistry Principles And Modern Applications

ISBN: 9780132931281

11th Edition

Authors: Ralph Petrucci, Jeffry Madura, F. Herring, Carey Bissonnette

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