Several criticisms have been made of the concept of modern-symbolic prejudice. These include (Tarman & Sears, 2005):

(a) Modern-symbolic prejudice is not a new form of prejudice; it is just old-fashioned prejudice under a new name.

(b) People who express modern-symbolic prejudice do not really believe in equality; they are just hiding their oldfashioned prejudice behind “politically correct” justifications.

(c) Many of the themes of modern-symbolic prejudice reflect conservative political values, so calling those beliefs a form of prejudice is just a way for political liberals to discredit conservatives. Do you agree or disagree with these criticisms? What are your reasons for agreeing or disagreeing?