Use standard notation to express the following probabilities.

a. The probability that an individual alive on his 50th birthday will survive a further 20 years.

b. The probability that an individual alive on her 60th birthday will survive to her 90th birthday.

c. The probability that an individual currently aged 90 exact will die within the next year.

d. The probability that an individual alive on his 37th birthday will die before claiming a pension at age 65.

e. The probability that a life assurance contract will pay out during the next 2 years if the insured is currently aged 46.5 exact.