21. Consider the following four structures: (i) See Fig. 9.23: Let , and be the corresponding component

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21. Consider the following four structures:

(i) See Fig. 9.23:

Let , and be the corresponding component failure distributions; each of which is assumed to be IFR (increasing failure rate). Let F be the system failure distribution. All components are independent.

(a) For which structures is F necessarily IFR if ? Give reasons.

(b) For which structures is F necessarily IFR if ?
Give reasons.

(c) For which structures is F necessarily IFR if ? Give reasons.

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