48. Paula and Pam, who are friends, are out on a walk with Paula’s 12-year-old daughter Sheila. While Sheila is walking 10 yards ahead of the two women, she starts to cross the street at a cross-walk. Dan, speeding, goes through a red light and strikes Sheila, knocking her down and paralyzing her from the waist down. Paula and Pam watch the whole event, horrified. Neither ever feels personally in danger of being hit, but both suffer symptoms of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder for years afterward, with constant nightmares in which they relive seeing Sheila be terribly injured. Paula and Pam each sue Dan for their emotional distress. Under the majority approach to the relevant issues:

(a) Can Paula recover? _________________

(b) Can Pam recover?_________________