City public works departments are often criticized for inadequacies in snow removal (e.g., roads unplowed or slow to be cleared), even when the snow is produced by a “storm-of-the-century”–type system. Should cities invest more money for snow removal—more plows, more drivers—for events that are uncommon (once in a lifetime)? Similarly, if organizational accidents in policing are truly uncommon, how much money should police departments spend to try to prevent them? Should investments be made to prevent unpredictable and relatively rare events with substantially harmful outcomes? Explain.