Illustrate the expansion or reduction performed on each implicant on a Kmap if the operation changes the implicant.

(a) Apply the Espresso EXPAND routine to the following function.

\[F(A, B, C, D)=\bar{A} \bar{B} \bar{C} \bar{D}+\bar{A} B \bar{C}+A \bar{C} \bar{D}+A B D+A B C \bar{D}+\bar{B} C \bar{D}\]

(b) Apply the Espresso REDUCE routine to the following function, beginning with the implicant at the upper left and proceeding downward.

\[F(A, B, C, D)=\bar{A} \bar{C}+\bar{A} B+B D+A C+A \bar{B}\]