Suppose, in a hypothetical economy, that the chairman of the Fed unexpectedly announces that he will retire in one year. At the same time, the President announces her nominee to replace the retiring Fed chair. Financial market participants expect the nominee to be confirmed by Congress. They also believe that the nominee will conduct a more contractionary monetary policy in the future. In other words, market participants expect the policy interest rate to increase in the future.

a. Consider the present to be the last year of the current Fed chair's term and the future to be the time after that. Given that monetary policy will be more contractionary in the future, what will happen to future interest rates and future output? Given these expected changes in future output and future interest rates, what will happen to output and the interest rate in the present? What will happen to the yield curve on the day of the announcement that the current Fed chair will retire in one year?

Now suppose that instead of making an unexpected announcement, the Fed chair is required by law to retire in one year (there are limits on the term of the Fed chair), and financial market participants have been aware of this for some time. Suppose, as in part a, that the president nominates a replacement who is expected to raise interest rates more than the current Fed chair.

b. Suppose financial market participants are not surprised by the president's choice. In other words, market participants had correctly predicted whom the president would choose as nominee. Under these circumstances, is the announcement of the nominee likely to have any effect on the yield curve?

c. Suppose instead that the identity of the nominee is a surprise and that financial market participants had expected the nominee to be someone who favored an even more contractionary policy than the actual nominee. Under these circumstances, what is likely to happen to the yield curve on the day of the announcement? (Hint: Be careful. Compared to what was expected, is the actual nominee expected to follow a more contractionary or more expansionary policy?)

d. On November 2, 2017, Jerome Powell was nominated to succeed Janet Yellen as chair of the Federal Reserve. You can find the 10-year bond yield on a daily basis (FRED variable DGS10) as well as the daily level of the Dow Jones average (FRED variable DJCA). Are there changes in stock prices or bond yields that suggest financial market participants were surprised by the choice of Powell? You could also do a yield curve analysis of the kind described in Problem 8 for the period around Powell's nomination. If you do this, use the one- and 10-year interest rates.)