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mathematics
elementary statistics picturing

Questions and Answers of Elementary Statistics Picturing

Nonparametric tests are typically not as efficient as a corresponding parametric test, provided the necessary requirements are satisfied. What does the efficiency measure? If nonparametric tests are
Refer to the body temperatures listed in Exercise 2. Use only the decimal parts of the temperatures (0, 0, 0, 7, and so on) to test the claim that the sequence of odd and even digits is
Find the equation of the regression line for the cholesterol weight data. What is the best predicted weight of a woman with a cholesterol level of 100 mg? Use the data in the table below, which are
Divide into groups of three or four students. Investigate the relationship between two variables by collecting your own paired sample data and using the methods of Section 13-6 to determine whether
Using the matched data listed in Exercise 3, the differences are as follows: -5.75, -1.25, -1, -5, 0, 0.25, 2.25, -0.5, 0.75, -1.5, and -0.25.List the corresponding ranksof those differences after
Listed below are the genders of the younger winner in the categories of Best Actor and Best Actress for recent and consecutive years. Do the genders of the younger winners appear to occur randomly?F
Use a 0.05 significance level with rank correlation to test for a correlation between cholesterol level and weight. Use the data in the table below, which are cholesterol levels (in mg per dL of
See this chapter’s “From Data to Decision” project, which involves analysis of the 1970 lottery used for drafting men into the U.S. Army. Because the 1970 results raised concerns about the
Positive signs: 13; negative signs: 1; ties: 0 (from a preliminary test of the MicroSort method of gender selection)Assume that matched pairs of data result in the given number of signs when the
Listed below are the numbers of cell phone subscriptions (in thousands) in the United States for 11 recent years. Shown below the numbers are letters indicating whether the number is below (B) the
Listed below are actual high temperatures and the high temperatures forecast five days in advance (based on Data Set 11 in Appendix B). Use a 0.05 significance level with the sign test to test the
Use a 0.05 significance level with the Kruskal-Wallis test to test the claim that the samples of Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level measurements are from books with the same median reading level. Use the
Divide into groups of 8 to 12 people. For each group member, measure the person’s height and also measure his or her navel height, which is the height from the floor to the navel. Use the rank
Positive signs: 360; negative signs: 374; ties: 22 (from a Gallup poll of Internet users who were asked if they make travel plans through the Internet)Assume that matched pairs of data result in the
Listed below are measured loads (in lb) on the left femur of crash test dummies. (The data are from the same cars used in the Chapter Problem for Chapter 12.) Use a 0.05 significance level to test
Use a 0.05 significance level with a t test to test the claim that the samples of FleschKincaid Grade Level scores from Clancy and Rowling have the same mean. Use the Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level
Divide into groups of three or four people. Appendix B includes many data sets not yet addressed by the methods of this chapter. Search Appendix B for variables of interest, then investigate using
Positive signs: 512; negative signs: 327; ties: 0 (from challenges to referee calls in the U.S. Open tennis tournament)Assume that matched pairs of data result in the given number of signs when the
Listed below are low temperatures (in ?F) from the first half of September and the second half of September (from Data Set 11 in Appendix B). Use the Wilcoxon rank-sum test to test the claim that
Use a 0.05 significance level with the Wilcoxon rank-sum test to test the claim that the samples of Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level scores from Clancy and Rowling are from populations having the same
Divide into groups of three or four, with at least one member of each group having an iPod. Establish two categories of songs, such as those by males or females, then test the sequence of iPod songs
Listed below are ages of actresses and actors at the times that they won Oscars. The data are paired according to the years that they won. Use a 0.05 significance level to test the claim that there
Listed below are the highway fuel consumption amounts (in mi gal) from cars in three different categories (from Data Set 16 in Appendix B). Use a 0.05 significance level to test the claim that the
Listed below are the high temperatures (in ?F) near the author?s home on consecutive days beginning with September 1 of a recent year (from Data Set 11 in Appendix B). The mean of these high
Refer to the temperatures listed in Exercise 9 and consider them to be one consecutive sequence of 30 temperatures. Test for randomness of even and odd temperatures. Listed below are low
Associated Press, it was reported that researchers ?randomly selected 100 New York motorists who had been in an accident and 100 who had not been in an accident. Of those in accidents, 13.7 percent
Listed below are times (in sec) that animated Disney movies showed the use of tobacco and alcohol. (See Data Set 7 in Appendix B.) Use a 0.05 significance level to test the claim that for a typical
Consumer Reports magazine tested large plasma TVs. The table below shows the rankings of TVs by overall quality score and cost. High values are given low ranks, so the TV with a quality rank of 1 is
Listed below are the annual high values of the Dow Jones Industrial Average for a recent sequence of years. Test for randomness below and above the median. What does the result suggest about the
The Genetics and IVF Institute conducted a clinical trial of its methods for gender selection. As of this writing, 172 of 211 babies born to parents using the YSORT method were boys. Use a 0.01
Consumer Reports magazine tested paints. The table below shows the overall quality score and cost in dollars per gallon. Test for a correlation. Based on these results, do you get better quality
Listed below are carbon dioxide concentrations (in parts per million) at the earth?s surface for 50 recent and consecutive years (based on data from the Goddard Institute for Space Studies). Test for
When testing gas pumps in Michigan for accuracy, fuel-quality enforcement specialists tested pumps and found that 1299 were not accurate (within 3.3 oz when 5 gal is pumped), and 5686 were accurate.
a. If we have sample paired data with 50 nonzero differences and the sum of the positive ranks is 300, find the absolute value of the sum of the negative ranks.b. If we have sample paired data with n
A study addressed the issue of whether women have the ability to predict the sex of their babies. Among 104 recruited subjects, 55% correctly guessed the sex of the baby (based on data from “Are
The title of this chapter is “Statistical Process Control.” What does that mean?
Construct a run chart for the 21 axial loads from the first three days, as listed below. Based on the result, does there appear to be a pattern suggesting that the process is not within statistical
The labels on a bottle of Bayer aspirin indicate that the tablets contain 325 mg of aspirin. Suppose manufacturing specifications require that tablets have between 315 mg and 335 mg of aspirin, so a
Listed below are concentrations of carbon dioxide (in parts per million) of the earth?s atmosphere and the earth?s mean temperature (in ?C) for each of ten recent and consecutive years. (The last few
Collect your own process data and analyze them using the methods of this chapter. It would be ideal to collect data from a real manufacturing process, but that may be difficult to accomplish. If so,
Consider process data consisting of the amounts of Coke (in oz) in randomly selected cans of regular Coke. The process is to be monitored with and R control charts based on samples of 50 cans
Lipitor is a drug designed to lower cholesterol levels. With current sales of Lipitor exceeding $13 billion each year, it has become the best selling drug ever. One dosage level of Lipitor is
Using subgroups of size corresponding to the rows of the table for the first three days given in Exercise 1, find the values of R̅, the lower control limit, and the upper control limit that would be
Assume that Bayer aspirin tablets are monitored to ensure that the proportions of defects are within statistical control. A quality control inspector randomly selects samples with 100 tablets in each
The Flint Accessory Corporation manufactures seat belts for cars. Federal specifications require that the webbing must have a breaking strength of at least 5000 lb. During each week of production,
If the instructor can distribute the numbers of absences for each class meeting, groups of three or four students can analyze them for statistical stability and make recommendations based on the
If we use subgroups of size corresponding to the rows of the table, and if we use all of the data from 25 days of production, we get the R chart shown below. Interpret that R chart. UCL=105.8 100- 75
Refer to the data in Exercise 2 and, using all of the data from the 2000 seat belts that were tested, construct a 95% confidence interval for the proportion of defects. Also, write a statement that
Conduct research to identify Deming’s funnel experiment, then use a funnel and marbles to collect data for the different rules for adjusting the funnel location. Construct appropriate control
Shown below are an chart (top) and an R chart (bottom) obtained using the monthly elevations of Lake Mead at Hoover Dam (based on data from the U.S. Department of the Interior). The elevations are in
Assume that the proportion of defective Bayer aspirin tablets is monitored with a control chart and we conclude that the process is not within statistical control because there is a downward pattern
Refer to the data in Exercise 2 and, using all of the data from the 2000 seat belts that were tested, use a 0.05 significance level to test the claim that the rate of defects is greater than 3%. The
Examine the run chart from a process of filling 12-oz cans of cola and do the following:? (a) Determine whether the process is within statistical control;? (b) If the process is not within
If we use subgroups of size corresponding to the rows of the table, and if we use all of the data from 25 days of production, we get the x? chart shown below. Interpret that x? chart. 300 290 -
Examine the given control chart for p and determine whether the process is within statistical control. If it is not, identify which of the three out-of-control criteria apply. 004 01 10 20
When interpreting control charts, one of the three out-of-control criteria is that there are eight consecutive points all above or all below the centerline. For a statistically stable process, there
Examine the run chart from a process of filling 12-oz cans of cola and do the following: (a) Determine whether the process is within statistical control; (b) if the process is not within statistical
Examine the given control chart for p and determine whether the process is within statistical control. If it is not, identify which of the three out-of-control criteria apply. cens 10 20
Engineers must consider the breadths of male heads when designing motorcycle helmets. Men have head breadths that are normally distributed with a mean of 6.0 in. and a standard deviation of 1.0 in.
Examine the run chart from a process of filling 12-oz cans of cola and do the following: (a) Determine whether the process is within statistical control; (b) If the process is not within
The Acton Pharmaceutical Company manufactures antacid tablets that are supposed to contain 750 mg of calcium carbonate, similar to the Tums tablets manufactured by GlaxoSmithKline. Each day, 100
Examine the given control chart for p and determine whether the process is within statistical control. If it is not, identify which of the three out-of-control criteria apply. 00145 00135 00125 00115
America Online conducted an online poll in which Internet users were asked, “Have you ever seen a UFO?” There were 37,021 Internet users who responded with “yes,” and there were 80,806
Examine the run chart from a process of filling 12-oz cans of cola and do the following: (a) Determine whether the process is within statistical control; (b) if the process is not within statistical
Examine the given control chart for p and determine whether the process is within statistical control. If it is not, identify which of the three out-of-control criteria apply. 009 0.00 006 000 0.02
After finding the values of the mean and range for each decade, find the values of x?, and R?. Also find the values of LCL and UCL for an R chart, and find the values of LCL and UCL for an x?
Refer to the sample values listed in Exercise 8 and find the mean, median, and standard deviation. The author conducted a survey of his students and requested the value of the coins that each
Construct a run chart for the 130 values. Does there appear to be a pattern suggesting that the process is not within statistical control? What are the practical implications of the run chart? Use
Use the sample values listed in Exercise 8 to test the claim that most students have some change in their possession. Use a 0.05 significance level. The author conducted a survey of his students and
Let each subgroup consist of the 10 values within a decade. Construct an R chart and determine whether the process variation is within statistical control. If it is not, identify which of the three
In each of 15 recent and consecutive years, 1000 high school completers were randomly selected and the number who enrolled in college was determined, with the results listed below. Does the p chart
Let each subgroup consist of the 10 values within a decade. Construct an chart and determine whether the process mean is within statistical control. If it is not, identify which of the three
In each of 15 recent and consecutive years, 100,000 people in the United States were randomly selected and the number who were victims of violent crime was determined, with the results listed below.
In each of 23 recent and consecutive years of national elections, 1000 people of voting age in the United States were randomly selected and the number who voted was determined, with the results
In each of 20 recent and consecutive years, 10,000 people were randomly selected and the numbers of births they generated were found, with the results given below. How might the results be explained?
After finding the values of the mean and range for each subgroup, find the values of x̅, and R̅. Then find the values of LCL and UCL for an R chart and for an x̅ chart.
Using subgroups of five voltage amounts, construct an chart and determine whether the process mean is within statistical control. If it is not, identify which of the three out-of-control criteria
Construct a run chart for the 40 voltage amounts. Does there appear to be a pattern suggesting that the process is not within statistical control?
Using subgroups of five voltage amounts, construct an R chart and determine whether the process variation is within statistical control. If it is not, identify which of the three out-of-control
Use the existing seating arrangement in your class and apply the runs test to determine whether the students are arranged randomly according to gender. After recording the seating arrangement,
Find the mean, median, range, standard deviation, and variance of the cholesterol levels. Given that the cholesterol levels are in mg, express the results using the appropriate units. Use the data
The last 103 baseball seasons (as of this writing) ended with 61 World Series wins by American League teams, compared to 42 wins by National League teams. Use the sign test with a 0.05 significance
What is the difference between a nonparametric test and a distribution-free test?
What is a nonparametric test? What is a parametric test?
Judges in Bernalillo County in New Mexico were ranked for their DWI conviction rates and their recidivism rates, where recidivism refers to a subsequent DWI arrest for a person previously charged
On January 1, 2005, the bar codes put on retail products were changed so that they now represent 13 digits instead of 12. How many different products can now be identified with the new bar codes?
When Mendel conducted his famous genetics experiments with peas, one sample of offspring consisted of 428 green peas and 152 yellow peas. Based on those results, estimate the probability of getting
Refer to the sample data in Table 4-1. If one of the responses is randomly selected, what is the probability that it is a false negative? (Express the answer as a decimal.) What does this probability
People with blood that is group AB and type Rh are considered to be universal recipients, because they can receive blood from anyone. If three of the 100 subjects are randomly selected, find the
Refer to Table 4-1 and assume that 1 of the 98 test subjects is randomly selected. Find the probability of selecting a subject with a negative test result, given that the subject lied. What does this
The 110th Congress of the United States included 84 male Senators and 16 female Senators. If one of these Senators is randomly selected, what is the probability that a woman is selected? Does this
If S denotes the event of selecting a successful challenge, find P(S̅).Use the data in the accompanying table, which summarizes challenges by tennis players (based on data reported in USA Today).
A quick quiz consists of a true/false question followed by a multiple-choice question with four possible answers (a, b, c, d). An unprepared student makes random guesses for both answers.a. Consider
Refer to Table 4-1. Find P(subject lied negative test result). Compare this result to the result found in Exercise 20. Are P(subject lied negative test result) and P(negative test result | subject
If M denotes the event of selecting a challenge made by a man, find P(M̅).Use the data in the accompanying table, which summarizes challenges by tennis players (based on data reported in USA Today).
With one method of a procedure called acceptance sampling, a sample of items is randomly selected without replacement and the entire batch is accepted if every item in the sample is okay. The
Refer to Table 4-1. a. Find P (negative test result | subject did not lie). b. Find P(subject did not lie | negative test result). c. Compare the results from parts (a) and (b). Are they equal?
In designing a computer, if a byte is defined to be a sequence of 8 bits and each bit must be a 0 or 1, how many different bytes are possible? (A byte is often used to represent an individual
In a recent year, 281 of the 290,789,000 people in the United States were struck by lightning. Estimate the probability that a randomly selected person in the United States will be struck by
Find the probability that the selected challenge was made by a man or was successful.Use the data in the accompanying table, which summarizes challenges by tennis players (based on data reported in

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