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mathematics
elementary statistics picturing

Questions and Answers of Elementary Statistics Picturing

One of Gregor Mendel’s famous hybridization experiments with peas yielded 580 offspring with 152 of those peas (or 26%) having yellow pods. According to Mendel’s theory, 25% of the offspring peas
In order to test for a gender gap in the way that citizens view the current President, the Tomkins Company polls exactly 500 men and 500 women randomly selected from adults in the United States.
a. In a Gallup poll of 976 adults, 68 said that they have a drink every day. What is the percentage of respondents who said that they have a drink every day?b. Among the 976 adults surveyed, 32% said
Actual temperatures (in degrees Fahrenheit) as listed in Data Set 11 in Appendix BDetermine which of the four levels of measurement (nominal, ordinal, interval, ratio) is most appropriate.
In a study of the Ornish weight loss program, 40 subjects lost a mean of 3.3 lb after 12 months (based on data from “Comparison of the Atkins, Ornish, Weight Watchers, and Zone Diets for Weight
ABC News conducts an election day poll by randomly selecting voting precincts in New York, then interviewing all voters as they leave those precincts. Does this sampling plan result in a random
a. In a Gallup poll, 49% of 734 surveyed Internet users said that they shop on the Internet frequently or occasionally. What is the actual number of Internet users who said that they shop on the
Critic ratings of movies on a scale from 0 star to 4 starsDetermine which of the four levels of measurement (nominal, ordinal, interval, ratio) is most appropriate.
If we use statistical methods to conclude that there is a correlation (or relationship or association) between the weights of cars and the amounts of fuel consumption, can we conclude that adding
A quality control engineer selects every 10,000th M&M plain candy that is produced. Does this sampling plan result in a random sample? Simple random sample? Explain.
a. What is 5% of 5020?b. Convert 83% to an equivalent decimal.c. Convert 0.045 to an equivalent percentage.d. Convert the fraction 227 773 to an equivalent percentage. Express the answer to the
Types of movies (drama, comedy, adventure, documentary, etc.)Determine which of the four levels of measurement (nominal, ordinal, interval, ratio) is most appropriate.
Pharmacists typically fill prescriptions by scooping a sample of pills from a larger batch that is in stock. A pharmacist thoroughly mixes a large batch of Lipitor pills, then selects 30 of them.
a. Convert the fraction 5 8 to an equivalent percentage.b. Convert 23.4% to an equivalent decimal.c. What is 37% of 500?d. Convert 0.127 to an equivalent percentage.
Voltage measurements from the author’s home (listed in Data Set 13 in Appendix B)Determine which of the four levels of measurement (nominal, ordinal, interval, ratio) is most appropriate.
Comment on the source of the data if you are told that car manufacturers supplied the values. Is there an incentive for car manufacturers to report values that are not accurate? The x-values are
Given the context of the car measurement data, what issue can be addressed by conducting a statistical analysis of the values? The x-values are weights (in pounds) of cars; the y-values are the
In a Gallup poll, 1003 adults were called after their telephone numbers were randomly generated by a computer, and 20% of them said that they get news on the Internet every day.Identify which of
Good Housekeeping magazine invited women to visit its Web site to complete a survey, and 1500 responses were recorded. When asked whether they would rather have more money or more sleep, 88% chose
When a Cadillac STS is randomly selected and weighed, it is found to weigh 1827.9 kg.Determine whether the given values are from a discrete or continuous data set.
If we use suitable methods of statistics, we conclude that the average (mean) nicotine amount of the 100 mm filtered non-?light? menthol cigarettes is less than the average (mean) nicotine amount of
In a study of college programs, 820 students are randomly selected from those majoring in communications, 1463 students are randomly selected from those majoring in business, and 760 students are
The author surveyed students with this request: “Enter your height in inches.” Identify two major problems with this request.
When a woman is randomly selected and measured for blood pressure, the systolic blood pressure is found to be 61 mm Hg.Determine whether the given values are from a discrete or continuous data set.
Note that the table lists measured nicotine amounts from two different types of cigarette. Given these data, what issue can be addressed by conducting a statistical analysis of the values? The
The author once experienced a tax audit by a representative from the New York State Department of Taxation and Finance, which claimed that the author was randomly selected as part of a
The Statistical Abstract of the United States includes the average per capita income for each of the 50 states. When those 50 values are added, then divided by 50, the result is $29,672.52. Is
The Federal Trade Commission obtained the measured amounts of nicotine in the table. Is the source of the data likely to be unbiased? The x-values are nicotine amounts (in mg) in different 100 mm
The author received a survey from the investment firm of Merrill Lynch. It was designed to gauge his satisfaction as a client, and it had specific questions for rating the author’s personal
The author surveyed all of his students to obtain sample data consisting of the number of credit cards students possess.Identify which of these types of sampling is used: random, systematic,
Refer to the table of nicotine amounts. Is each x value matched with a corresponding y value, as in Table 1-1 on page 5? That is, is each x value associated with the corresponding y value in some
The volume of cola in a can of regular Coke is 12.3 oz.Determine whether the given values are from a discrete or continuous data set.
The Federal-Mogul Company manufactures Champion brand spark plugs. The procedure for quality control is to test every 100th spark plug from the assembly line.Identify which of these types of sampling
The Hawaii State Senate held hearings while considering a law requiring that motorcyclists wear helmets. Some motorcyclists testified that they had been in crashes in which helmets would not have
The amount of nicotine in a Marlboro cigarette is 1.2 mg.Determine whether the given values are from a discrete or continuous data set.
Wayne Newton hit the jackpot on a slot machine each time in ten consecutive attempts.Use common sense to determine whether the given event is(a) Impossible;(b) Possible, but very unlikely;(c)
The U.S. Department of Corrections collects data about returning prisoners by randomly selecting five federal prisons and surveying all of the prisoners in each of the prisons.Identify which of these
The author received a telephone call in which the caller claimed to be conducting a national opinion research poll. The author was asked if his opinion about Congressional candidate John Sweeney
In the Literary Digest poll, Landon received 16,679,583 votes.Determine whether the given values are from a discrete or continuous data set.
In New York City, there are 3250 walk buttons that pedestrians can press at traffic intersections, and 2500 of them do not work (based on data from the article “For Exercise in New York Futility,
Steve Wynn rolled a pair of dice and got a total of 14.Use common sense to determine whether the given event is(a) Impossible;(b) Possible, but very unlikely;(c) Possible and likely.
The author once observed professional wine tasters working at the Consumer’s Union testing facility in Yonkers, New York. Assume that a taste test involves three different wines randomly selected
In an ABC Nightline poll, 186,000 viewers each paid 50 cents to call a “900” telephone number with their opinion about keeping the United Nations in the United States. The results showed that 67%
The author randomly selected 35 movies and found the amount of money that they grossed from ticket sales. The average (mean) is $123.7 million.
When each of 25 statistics students turns on his or her TI-84 Plus calculator, all 25 calculators operate successfully.Use common sense to determine whether the given event is(a) Impossible;(b)
The author was an observer at a Town of Poughkeepsie Police sobriety checkpoint at which every fifth driver was stopped and interviewed. (He witnessed the arrest of a former student.)Identify which
The author measured the voltage supplied to his home on 40 different days, and the average (mean) value is 123.7 volts.
All of the justices on the United States Supreme Court have the same birthday.Use common sense to determine whether the given event is(a) Impossible;(b) Possible, but very unlikely;(c) Possible and
On the day of the last presidential election, ABC News organized an exit poll in which specific polling stations were randomly selected and all voters were surveyed as they left the premises.Identify
The New York Times published an article that included these statements: “At long last, chocolate moves toward its rightful place in the food pyramid, somewhere in the high-tone neighborhood of red
Thanksgiving day will fall on a Monday next year.Use common sense to determine whether the given event is(a) Impossible;(b) Possible, but very unlikely;(c) Possible and likely.
A study of the effectiveness of echinacea involved upper respiratory tract infections. One group of infections was treated with echinacea and another group was treated with placebos. The echinacea
The Internet service provider America Online (AOL) ran a survey of its users and asked if they preferred a real Christmas tree or a fake one. AOL received 7073 responses, and 4650 of them preferred a
If the areas of the 50 states are added and the sum is divided by 50, the result is 196,533 square kilometers.
While driving through a city, Mario Andretti arrived at three consecutive traffic lights and they were all green.Use common sense to determine whether the given event is(a) Impossible;(b) Possible,
A student of the author collected measurements of arm lengths from her family members.Identify which of these types of sampling is used: random, systematic, convenience, stratified, or cluster.
When Harris Interactive surveyed 1013 adults, 91% of them said that they washed their hands after using a public restroom. But when 6336 adults were observed, it was found that 82% actually did wash
In New York City, there are 3250 walk buttons that pedestrians can press at traffic intersections. It was found that 77% of those buttons do not work (based on data from the article “For Exercise
While driving to his home in Connecticut, David Letterman was ticketed for driving 205 mi h on a highway with a speed limit of 55 mi h.Use common sense to determine whether the given event is(a)
a. When John F. Kennedy was elected to the presidency, he received 49.72% of the 68,838,000 votes cast. The collection of all of those votes is the population being considered. Is 49.72% a parameter
A study of the effectiveness of echinacea involved 707 cases of upper respiratory tract infections. Children with 337 of the infections were given echinacea, and children with 370 of the infections
In the judicial case United States v. City of Chicago, a minority group failed the Fire Captain Examination at a much higher rate than the majority group. Conclusion: The exam is biased and causes
The New York Giants beat the Denver Broncos in the Super Bowl by a score of 120 to 98.Use common sense to determine whether the given event is(a) Impossible;(b) Possible, but very unlikely;(c)
a. Data Set 9 in Appendix B includes a sample of 35 movies, and 12 of them have ratings of R. What percentage of these 35 movies have R ratings?b. In a study of 4544 students in grades 5 through 8,
In a morally and criminally wrong study, 399 black men with syphilis were not given a treatment that could have cured them. The intent was to learn about the effects of syphilis on black men. The
A study showed that in Orange County, more speeding tickets were issued to minorities than to whites. Conclusion: In Orange County, minorities speed more than whites.Use critical thinking to develop
Among the Senators in the current Congress, 44% are Democrats.
Identify the type of sampling (random, systematic, convenience, stratified, cluster) used when a sample of the 637,133 stockholders is obtained as described. Then determine whether the sampling
In the study of the Weight Watchers weight loss program from Exercise 5, subjects were found using the method described as follows: “We recruited study candidates from the Greater Boston area using
A Gallup poll surveyed 1018 adults by telephone, and 22% of them reported that they smoked cigarettes within the past week.Determine whether the given description corresponds to an observational
Data published in USA Today were used to show that there is a correlation between the number of times songs are played on radio stations and the numbers of times the songs are purchased. Conclusion:
In a large sample of households, the median annual income per household for high school graduates is $19,856 (based on data from the U.S. Census Bureau).
In a study of the Weight Watchers weight loss program, 40 subjects lost a mean of 3.0 lb after 12 months (based on data from “Comparison of the Atkins, Ornish, Weight Watchers, and Zone Diets for
The computer giant IBM has 329,373 employees and 637,133 stockholders. A vice president plans to conduct a survey to study the numbers of shares held by individual stockholders.a. Are the numbers of
Nine-year-old Emily Rosa was an author of an article in the Journal of the American Medical Association after she tested professional touch therapists. Using a cardboard partition, she held her hand
Based on a study showing that college graduates tend to live longer than those who do not graduate from college, a researcher concludes that studying causes people to live longer.Use critical
Researchers studied a sample of 877 surveyed executives and found that 45% of them would not hire someone with a typographic error on a job application. Is the 45% value a statistic or a parameter?
You have collected a large sample of values. Why is it important to understand the context of the data?
Identify the level of measurement (nominal, ordinal, interval, ratio) used in each of the following.a. The eye colors of all fellow students in your statistics classb. The ages (in years) of homes
The U.S. Census Bureau provided the average (mean) travel time to work (in minutes) for each state and the District of Columbia for a recent year. If we find the average (mean) of those 51 values, we
Typical surveys involve about 500 people to 2000 people. When author Shere Hite wrote Woman and Love: A Cultural Revolution in Progress, she based conclusions on a relatively large sample of 4500
Using data collected from the FBI and the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms, methods of statistics showed that for the different states, there is a correlation (or association) between the
How do quantitative data and categorical data differ?
When Gallup and other polling organizations conduct polls, they typically contact subjects by telephone. In recent years, many subjects refuse to cooperate with the poll. Are the poll results likely
Data Set 9 in Appendix B includes a sample of movie titles and their lengths (in minutes).a. Are the lengths categorical or quantitative data?b. Are the lengths discrete or continuous?c. Are the data
Are all voluntary response samples bad samples? Are all bad samples voluntary response samples?
How do a parameter and a statistic differ?
Literary Digest magazine mailed 10 million sample ballots to potential voters, and 2.3 million responses were received. Given that the sample is so large, was it reasonable to expect that the sample
Identify the level of measurement (nominal, ordinal, interval, ratio) used in each of the following.a. The pulse rates of women listed in Data Set 1 of Appendix Bb. The genders of the subjects
The typical Gallup poll involves interviews with about 1000 subjects. How must the survey subjects be selected so that the resulting sample is a simple random sample?
What is a voluntary response sample, and why is it generally unsuitable for methods of statistics?
Use your conclusion from Exercise 17 to write a paragraph on people?s attitudes about protecting the environment. Use the figure at the left, which suggests what adults think about protecting the
Fifteen numbers between 1 and 150.Use technology to generate the random numbers.
Nineteen numbers between 1 and 1000.Use technology to generate the random numbers.
Describe two examples of data sets for each of the four levels of measurement. Justify your answer.
Find an article or a news story that describes a statistical study.(a) Identify the population and the sample.(b) Classify the data as qualitative or quantitative. Determine the level of
Find an article that describes a survey.(a) Identify the sample used in the survey.(b) What is the population?(c) Make an inference about the population based on the results of the survey.
Write an essay about the importance of statistics for one of the following.• A study on the effectiveness of a new drug• An analysis of a manufacturing process• Drawing conclusions about voter
Find three real-life examples of a continuous variable. Which do you think may be normally distributed? Why?
Describe how you would construct a 90% confidence interval to estimate the population mean age for students at your school.

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