A study published in April 2015 in the Academic Emergency Medical journal found that \(85 \%\) of doctors surveyed admitted that they ordered tests not because they were necessary for medical reasons but to ensure that they did not overlook something that would help them diagnose their patients (and thus protect them against malpractice suits) (Time, 2015; Wiley Online Library, 2015). Do these findings demonstrate moral hazard or is there an alternative explanation for conducting unnecessary tests?