Matthias Corp. had the following foreign currency transactions during 2024:

∙ Purchased merchandise from a foreign supplier on January 20 for the U.S. dollar equivalent of $60,000 and paid the invoice on April 20 at the U.S. dollar equivalent of $50,000.

∙ On September 1, borrowed the U.S. dollar equivalent of $300,000, evidenced by a note that is payable in the lender’s local currency in one year. On December 31, the U.S. dollar equivalent of the principal amount was $320,000. 

In Matthias’s 2024 income statement, what amount should be included as a net foreign exchange gain or loss?

a. $10,000 gain
b. $10,000 loss
c. $20,000 gain
d. $30,000 loss