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physics
particle physics

Questions and Answers of Particle Physics

Suppose that in Example 29.1 you used a circular loop rather than a rectangular loop of the same area. What similarities and differences would you observe in each portion of Figure P29.8 parts
To measure the magnitude of Earth's magnetic field \(B_{E}\), you use a single conducting coil with an area \(A=10 \mathrm{~cm}^{2}\) rotating at an angular speed \(\omega\), and measure the peak emf
A conducting loop having radius \(20 \mathrm{~cm}\) is held fixed, and there is a magnetic flux of \(0.6 \mathrm{~T} . \mathrm{m}^{2}\) through the loop. When the magnetic field is turned off, the
A rectangular loop of length \(\ell=4 \mathrm{~cm}\), width \(w=3 \mathrm{~cm}\), and internal resistance \(R=0.5 \mathrm{~V} / \mathrm{A}\) is located so that the normal to the loop is parallel to a
Suppose you are fabricating a device to measure the orientation of the Erath's magnetic field (i.e., \(50 \mu \mathrm{T}\) ). The device can accommodate a single conducting coil attached to a motor
A \(50-\mathrm{cm}\)-long metal rod is placed in a uniform magnetic field with the rod length perpendicular to the field direction (Figure P29.26). The rod moves at \(0.10 \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{s}\),
The very long cylindrical solenoid of Figure P29.27 has a radius of \(0.50 \mathrm{~m}\) and 1200 windings per meter along its length. A circular conducting loop of radius \(1.0 \mathrm{~m}\), and
A uniform magnetic field exists in a circular area. A particle carrying charge \(q=3.0 \mu \mathrm{C}\) is placed in the field a distance \(r_{\mathrm{p}}=5 \mathrm{~cm}\) from the center of the
An emf of \(-0.75 \mathrm{~V}\) is induced in an inductor of \(1.25 \mathrm{H}\). Find the rate of change of current. Suggest if the current increases or decreases through the inductor.
If the magnitude of the emf produced in an inductor is 4.0 V when the current through it decreased at a constant rate of \(0.2 \mathrm{~A} / \mathrm{s}\), calculate the inductance of the inductor.
A friend of yours needs an inductance of \(2 \mathrm{H}\) for one of the circuits he is building. You offer him a cylindrical piece of insulating material of length \(30 \mathrm{~cm}\) and radius \(2
You and a friend have a \(0.65-\mathrm{m}\) length of copper wire that has a diameter of \(4.115 \mathrm{~mm}\) and a wooden rod that is \(85 \mathrm{~mm}\) long and has a diameter of \(10
Estimate the amount of magnetic potential energy stored in a \(1.50 \mathrm{H}\) inductor when the current through it is \(3.0 \mathrm{~A}\).
If \(24 \mathrm{~J}\) of magnetic potential energy is stored in a \(3.0 \mathrm{H}\) inductor, calculate the current in the inductor.
A cylindrical solenoid, of radius \(0.5 \mathrm{~cm}\) and length \(30 \mathrm{~cm}\) has 1200 windings and carries a current of \(0.5 \mathrm{~A}\).(a) What is the inductance of the solenoid? (b)
A cylindrical solenoid of length \(\ell\) and radius \(R\) has \(n\) windings per unit length and carries a current \(I\).(a) Use the inductance expression \(L=\left(\mu_{0} N^{2} A\right) / \ell\)
Calculate the length of the cylindrical solenoid that has 900 windings, such that the radius of each winding is \(2 \mathrm{~cm}\), that shows an inductance of \(8.5 \times 10^{-2} \mathrm{H}\).
A uniform magnetic field exists in a cuboidal volume of space with \(l=3 \mathrm{~cm}, b=2 \mathrm{~cm}\), and \(h=1 \mathrm{~cm}\). If the magnetic energy stored in the volume is \(10 \mathrm{~J}\),
A cylindrical electromagnet produces a uniform \(1.5-\mathrm{T}\) magnetic field between the poles. If the north and south poles of the electromagnet have circular cross-section having radius \(60
To construct a solenoid having cross-sectional area \(1.256 \times 10^{-3} \mathrm{~m}^{2}\) and 500 windings that can produce a magnetic field of \(10 \times 10^{-3} \mathrm{~T},\) (a) calculate
You have a circular wire loop of radius \(a=20 \mathrm{~cm}\). It carries a current that increases linearly from 0 to \(5 \mathrm{~A}\) in \(0.01 \mathrm{~s}\). At the center of this loop is a wire
What happens if the rod in Figure 29.1 moves to the left? Figure 29.1 When a conducting rod moves in a magnetic field, positive charge carriers in the rod experience a magnetic force. In the
In Example 29.1, suppose the loop is stationary and the source of the magnetic field is moved to the left such that their relative motion is the same. Do you expect there to be a current through the
Is a magnetic force exerted on the (stationary) charge carriers in the loop of wire held above the magnet in Figure 29.7b? Figure 29.7 A current can be induced by moving either the loop or the
In Figure 29.1, charge accumulates at the ends of the moving rod until the amount at each end reaches an equilibrium value. Mechanical equilibrium is established when the magnetic force due to the
As viewed from above, what is the direction of the induced current in situations 1 and 3 in Figure 29.8? 2 3 4 loop stationary; loop and magnet loop stationary; loop moves magnet moves both
When current is induced in a conducting loop by the motion of a nearby magnet, the induced magnetic field \(\vec{B}_{\text {ind }}\) exerts a force on the magnet. (a) In Figure \(29.12 b\), what is
(a) After the left edge of the loop in Figure 29.17 enters the magnetic field, is the work required to continue pulling the loop through the field at constant speed \(v\) positive, negative, or zero?
Which requires doing more work: moving a magnet toward a closed conducting loop or moving it toward a rod? Both motions are at constant speed.
In Figure 29.20, a bar magnet moves parallel to a metal plate. (a) At the instant shown, does the magnitude of the magnetic flux increase, decrease, or stay the same through a small region around
Sketch how the induced emf in the loop in Figure 29.4 varies as the loop moves through the five positions. Figure 29.4 (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) B out of page
The expression I derived in Example 29.6 indicates that the emf becomes negative after the solenoid has rotated \(180^{\circ}\) and remains negative through the next \(180^{\circ}\) of rotation.
What do the electric field lines look like when the magnitude of the magnetic field in Figure \(29.31 b(a)\) is held constant and \((b)\) decreases steadily? Figure 29.31 Electric field that
In Example 29.7 what is the magnitude of the electric field at a distance of \(0.30 \mathrm{~m}\) from the center of the magnetic field?Data from Example 29.7Let the uniform cylindrical magnetic
A solenoid has 2760 windings of radius \(50 \mathrm{~mm}\) and is \(0.60 \mathrm{~m}\) long. If the current through the solenoid is increasing at a rate of \(0.10 \mathrm{~A} / \mathrm{s}\), what is
How does the energy density of a 1.0-T magnetic field compare with the energy density of an \(1.0-\mathrm{V} / \mathrm{m}\) electric field?
A conducting rod moves through a magnetic field as shown in Figure 29.21. Which end of the bar, if any, becomes positively charged? Figure 29.21 (a) x x x (b) (c) x X 19 X x x x x x x
A conducting loop moves through a magnetic field as shown in Figures 29.22a-c. Which way does the current run in the loop at the instant shown in each figure? (a) Figure 29.22 (9) X (c) X x x X N
A conducting loop moves through a magnetic field at constant velocity as shown in Figure 29.23. For each case \(a-e\), must the work done on the loop be positive, negative, or zero to keep the loop
Using Faraday's law, determine whether charge carriers flow in the loop for each situation shown in Figure 29.24. Figure 29.24 (a) Field increases x y Xx x x x X (b) Loop shrinks x. (c) Loop
Using Lenz's law, determine the direction of the induced current, if any, at the instants shown in Figure 29.24. Figure 29.24 (a) Field increases x y Xx x x x X (b) Loop shrinks x. (c) Loop
As we saw in Checkpoint 30.9, a receiving dipole antenna has to be aligned with the oscillating electric field in order to produce a measurable potential difference in the antenna. What if we wanted
A parallel-plate capacitor with circular plates has a steady charging current of \(3.0 \mathrm{~A}\). The wires into and out of the plates attach to the plate centers. If the radius of each plate is
A parallel-plate capacitor of capacitance \(10 \mu \mathrm{F}\) is being charged by a voltage source \(V=V_{0} \cos (\omega t)\). Suppose that \(V_{0}=240 \mathrm{~V}\) and \(\omega=50
Instead of a capacitor in a circuit, we can get the same effect by slicing a thick wire in two, making our cut perpendicular to the wire's long axis. If the wire diameter is \(5 \mathrm{~mm}\) and we
A parallel-plate capacitor has a steady charging current of \(4.0 \mathrm{~A}\). What is (a) the time rate of change of the electric flux between the plates (b) the displacement current between the
A parallel-plate capacitor has circular plates of radius \(R=15 \mathrm{~cm}\) and plate separation distance \(d=1 \mathrm{~mm}\). While it is charging, the potential difference across the plates is
Using Eq. 30.11, show that the normal component of the magnetic field is continuous across any surface. P = B. d = 0. (30.11)
The light produced by a sodium vapor lamp has a wavelength of \(589.3 \mathrm{~nm}\) in vacuum. What is its wavelength after it enters a sheet of glass with dielectric constant \(\kappa=4.8\) ?
If the electric field in an electromagnetic wave \(5 \mathrm{~cm}\) from a radio-emitting antenna has a maximum magnitude of \(3.0 \times 10^{5} \mathrm{~V} / \mathrm{m}\), what is the maximum
An electromagnetic wave has an average Poynting vector magnitude of \(4 \times 10^{-7} \mathrm{~W} / \mathrm{m}^{2}\). What is the maximum value of the magnitude of the electric field?
An electromagnetic wave has root-mean-square magnetic field magnitude \(B_{r m s}=5 \mu \mathrm{T}\). What is the rootmean-square electric field magnitude and the average intensity of the wave?
A \(2.0-\mathrm{mW}\) laser has a beam radius of \(0.5 \mathrm{~mm}\). What is the intensity of this beam?
Radio signals typically have a very small intensity. Imagine that a vehicle receives an average signal of \(20 \mu \mathrm{W} / \mathrm{m}^{2}\).(a) What are the maximum magnitudes of the electric
For a constant current of \(2 \mathrm{~A}\), what time interval is required to deliver \(0.5 \mathrm{MW}\) of power to the space between the plates of a capacitor if the plates are circular and
Assume a 40-W incandescent light bulb radiates uniformly in all directions. At a distance of \(1 \mathrm{~m}\) from the bulb, determine (a) the intensity of the electromagnetic waves, (b) the
The emitting antenna of a \(50-\mathrm{kW}\) radio station radiates equally in all directions. What are the magnitudes \(E_{\max }\) and \(B_{\max }\)(a) \(200 \mathrm{~m}\) from the antenna and(b)
A laser beam has a radius of \(1 \mathrm{~mm}\). How powerful does the laser have to be for the maximum magnitude of the magnetic field in the beam to be \(4 \mu \mathrm{T}\) ?
A radio wave, with a wavelength of \(300 \mathrm{~m}\) in vacuum, has an average intensity of \(200 \mathrm{~W} / \mathrm{m}^{2}\).(a) What is the frequency of this electromagnetic wave?(b) Fix a
For a particular electromagnetic wave, \(B_{\mathrm{rms}}\) is \(0.30 \times 10^{-6} \mathrm{~T}\). For this wave, calculate(a) \(E_{\mathrm{rms}},\) (b) the average energy density, (c) the
Is the current intercepted by the surface equal to the current encircled by the closed path \((a)\) in Figure 30.2a and \((b)\) in Figure \(30.2 b\) ? Figure 30.2 (a) closed path (b) surface 1 3
(a) While the capacitor of Figure 30.4 is being charged, is the current through the wire leading to or from the capacitor zero or nonzero? Is the electric field between the plates zero or nonzero? Is
Consider disconnecting a charged capacitor from its source of current and allowing it to discharge (to release its charge into an external circuit). During discharge, the current reverses direction
The neutron is a neutral particle that has a magnetic dipole moment. What does this nonzero magnetic dipole moment tell you about the structure of the neutron?
Estimate the final speed \(v\) of the charged particle in Figure 30.8 in terms of the speed of propagation \(c\) of the electromagnetic wave pulse produced by the particle's acceleration. Figure 30.8
In Figure 30.10, in which regions of space surrounding the accelerating particle does a magnetic field occur? Figure 30.10 Electric force exerted on a stationary charged test particle by the electric
(a) If Figure 30.14 shows the oscillating electric field pattern at its actual size, estimate the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave. \((b)\) If the wave is traveling at speed \(c=3 \times 10^{8}
(a) At the origin of the graphs in Figure 30.15, the electric field is zero, but there is a current due to the motion of the charged particles that constitute the dipole. Is this current upward,
To maximize the magnitude of the current induced in a receiving antenna, should the antenna be oriented parallel or perpendicular to the polarization of the electromagnetic wave?
The parallel-plate capacitor in Figure 30.24 is discharging so that the electric field between the plates decreases. What is the direction of the magnetic field \((a)\) at point \(\mathrm{P}\) above
Consider again the parallel-plate capacitor of Figure 30.23. For circular plates of radius \(R\), calculate the magnitude of the magnetic field a distance \(r Figure 30.23 Capacitor being charged by
Suppose that isolated magnetic monopoles carrying a "magnetic charge" \(m\) did exist, and that the interaction between these monopoles depended on \(1 / r^{2}\), where \(r\) is the distance between
As you saw the magnetic and electric fields in an electromagnetic wave are perpendicular to each other. How do Maxwell's equations in free space (Eqs. 1-4 of Example 30.7) express that perpendicular
An electromagnetic wave with a wavelength of \(600 \mathrm{~nm}\) in vacuum enters a dielectric for which \(\kappa=1.30\). What are the frequency and wavelength of the wave inside the dielectric?
Consider supplying a constant current to a parallel-plate capacitor in which the plates are circular. While the capacitor is charging, what is the direction of the Poynting vector at points that lie
Use Eq. 30.36 to show that the SI units of the Poynting vector are W/m². 1 S= EB. (30.36)
Make a sketch showing the directions of the magnetic forces exerted on each other by (a) an electron moving in the same direction as the current through a wire,(b) a moving charged particle and a
What is the direction of the magnetic field at a point vertically (a) above (b) below segment 1 in Figure 28.5? Figure 28.5 Mapping the magnetic field of a current loop. The magnetic field
Suppose a negatively charged ring is placed directly above the positively charged ring in Figure 28.7. If both rings spin in the same direction, is the magnetic interaction between them attractive or
Does the direction of the electric field along the axis inside an electric dipole coincide with the direction of the electric dipole moment?
As the current loop in Figure 28.10 rotates over the first \(90^{\circ}\), do the magnitudes of (a) the magnetic force exerted on the horizontal sides and (b) the torque caused by these forces
Suppose the square current loop in Figure 28.10 is replaced by a circular loop with a diameter equal to the width of the square loop and with the same current. Does the circular loop experience a
Describe the motion of the current loop in Figure 28.12 if the magnitude of the magnetic field between the poles of the magnet is greater on the left than it is on the right. Figure 28.12 N S
If the magnitude of the current \(I\) through a wire is increased, do you expect the line integral of the magnetic field around a closed path around the wire to increase, decrease, or stay the same?
What happens to the value of the line integral along the closed path in Figure \(28.17 a\) when(a) the direction of the current through the wire is reversed;(b) a second wire carrying an identical
Suppose the path in Figure 28.17 were tilted instead of being in a plane perpendicular to the currentcarrying wire. Would this tilt change the value of the line integral of the magnetic field around
How do the following changes affect the answer to Exercise 28.2:(a) reversing the current through wire \(1,\) (b) reversing the current through wire \(2,\)(c) reversing the direction of the
Suppose the wire in Example 28.3 has a radius \(R\) and the current is uniformly distributed throughout the volume of the wire. Follow the procedure of Example 28.3 to calculate the magnitude of the
(a) What are the direction and magnitude of the magnetic field between the parallel current-carrying sheets of Figure 28.26a? What is the direction of \(\vec{B}\) outside these sheets? (b) Repeat for
Use Ampère's law to determine the magnetic field outside a toroid at a distance \(r\) from the center of the toroid(a) when \(r\) is greater than the toroid's outer radius and(b) when \(r\) is
Imagine a long straight wire of semi-infinite length, extending from \(x=0\) to \(x=+\infty\), carrying a current of constant magnitude \(I\). What is the magnitude of the magnetic field at a point
What is the magnitude of the magnetic field(a) at the center of a circular current loop of radius \(R\) and(b) at point \(\mathrm{P}\) near the current loop in Figure 28.37? Both arcs carry a current
Consider two protons 1 and 2 , each carrying a charge \(+e=\) \(1.6 \times 10^{-19} \mathrm{C}\), separated by \(1.0 \mathrm{~mm}\) moving at \(3 \times 10^{5} \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{s}\) parallel to
Consider a conducting wire having a shape of a hexagon carries a current that flows in an anti-clockwise manner when viewed from the above. What is the direction of the magnetic field at the center
A hexagonal wire loop with side \(5 \mathrm{~cm}\) carries a current \(2 \mathrm{~A}\) in a clockwise direction when viewed from the top. Where you can predict the magnitude of the magnetic field
Consider four identical square current loops arranged in a square with four times the area of one loop. Use this arrangement to predict how the magnetic field far from a small current loop depends on
Consider two charged particles 1 and 2, each of them able to translate (move from place to place) and to spin. In which of the following circumstances is there a magnetic interaction between the
A circular current loop lies in the \(x y\) plane of an \(x y z\) coordinate system and is initially oriented so that it carries a clockwise current when viewed from the positive \(z\) axis. It is
If a stationary electron experiences a torque when a proton passes near it, then by the principle of relativity, a moving electron also experiences a torque when passing by a stationary proton. The
A long, straight, current-carrying wire carries a current of magnitude \(3 \mathrm{~A}\). Calculate the magnitude of the magnetic field at a location \(35 \mathrm{~mm}\) away from the wire.

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