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physics
particle physics

Questions and Answers of Particle Physics

Three identical metallic beads A, B, and C possess charges \(q_{1}, q_{2}\), and \(q_{3}\), respectively. All the three beads are affixed on a meter scale where A lies at \(0, B\) lies at \(60
Particles A, B, and C, with charges \(12.0 \mu \mathrm{C}, 8.0 \mu \mathrm{C}\), and \(-6.0 \mu \mathrm{C}\), respectively, are evenly spaced along a line, in that order, with spacing \(2.0
A proton is composed of two up \((u)\) quarks \((q=+2 / 3 \mathrm{e})\) and one down \((d)\) quark \((q=-1 / 3 \mathrm{e})\). What is the electric force between two up quarks separated by \(1 \times
Which types of processes are represented in Figure 20.24? For each process, determine whether the following quantities are positive, negative, or zero: \(\Delta T, \Delta V, \Delta P\). Figure 20.24
A fully charged parallelplate capacitor is connected to an inductor with \(n\) turns of wire (Figure P32.1) What is the rms value of the magnetic field through the inductor, which has an rms current
(a) If each vertical gray line in Figure \(32.4 b\) represents \(0.020 \mathrm{~s}\), what is the frequency of the oscillation? (b) What is the average potential difference across the capacitor in
For the circuit shown in Figure \(32.4 a\), let the period \(T\) of the oscillation be \(1.0 \mathrm{~s}\) and the emf be zero at \(t=0\). Identify the instant(s) at which the energy stored in the
(a) For the circuit shown in Figure P32.4a, draw (qualitative) curves showing the current as a function of time and the potential difference across the parallel-plate capacitor as a function of time.
Two circuits \(\mathrm{X}\) and \(\mathrm{Y}\) each contain a parallel-plate capacitor and may contain other elements as well. The capacitors are identical, and the potential difference across each
In an \(L C\) circuit like the one shown in Figure P32.1, which of these quantities simultaneously reach their maximum values:
A parallel-plate capacitor is fully charged and connected in series to an inductor only. The capacitor initially stores charge \(q\) and electric potential energy \(U^{E}\). Once the circuit is
If the circuit in Figure P32.8 operates at \(60 \mathrm{~Hz}\) with \(\mathscr{E}_{\max }=170 \mathrm{~V}\) and \(R=9.0 \Omega\), how much energy is dissipated in the resistor in \(0.75 \mathrm{~s}\)
A circuit consists of a parallel-plate capacitor, an inductor, and a switch, which is initially open. The capacitor plates have an area of \(1.00 \times 10^{-4} \mathrm{~m}^{2}\) and are held \(0.100
In an \(L C\) circuit, there is always some energy dissipation as electrical energy is converted to thermal energy. (a) What property of the circuit is responsible for electrical energy being
Draw a phasor diagram at instant \(t_{0}\) for the circuit element whose instantaneous current and instantaneous potential difference are shown in Figure P32.11.Data from Figure P32.11 MAN 0.5 1.0
Draw a phasor diagram for the current and potential difference represented in Figure P32.12 at the instant \(t=T\). Be sure to note which way it is rotating.Data from Figure P32.12 T Ta
In a circuit consisting of an inductor connected to a nonsinusoidal AC source, the current varies as a function of time as shown in Figure P32.13. Sketch the potential difference across the inductor
The phasor diagram in Figure P32.14 shows the potential difference across a circuit element and the current through the element at \(t=0\).(a) Is the element a resistor, capacitor, or inductor?(b) On
Figure P32.15 shows, for an AC circuit, the current phasor and a potential difference phasor at \(t=0\) and at \(t=1.0 \mathrm{~s}\). In each case, assume phasor magnitudes \(I=1.0 \mathrm{~A}\) and
Figure P32.16 shows, for a circuit consisting of one element and an \(\mathrm{AC}\) source, the current through the element as a function of time and the potential difference across the element. Is
In a circuit consisting of a nonsinusoidal \(\mathrm{AC}\) source plus one additional element, the instantaneous current varies as shown in Figure P32.17. Sketch the potential difference across the
A friend has built an \(\mathrm{AC}\) circuit for you to analyze. You know the circuit contains a resistor, but it also contains another element. Because you know the circuit components available to
A sample contains \(3.0 \times 10^{22} \mathrm{Si}\) atoms and nothing else. (a) How many valence electrons does the sample contain? (b) How many of the valence electrons in the sample can conduct
Silicon is doped with the following elements. In each case, is the resultant extrinsic semiconductor \(n\)-type or p-type: indium, gallium, phosphorus, boron, arsenic, aluminum, antimony?
Conduction in a semiconductor can be greatly enhanced by the addition of very small quantities of dopant atoms, even in the parts-per-million range. Explain how the addition of such a tiny percentage
Unlike electrons, the holes in a semiconductor do not leave the semiconductor in which they are formed. Yet, holes can be thought of as positive charge carriers. When a hole has traveled to the edge
You have an intrinsic semiconductor, a \(p\)-type semiconductor, and an \(n\)-type semiconductor. The doped samples each contain the same number density of dopant atoms. Which of the three
You have ordered a \(10.00 \mathrm{~mm} \times 10. 00 \mathrm{~mm} \times 2. 000 \mathrm{~mm}\) sheet of pure silicon from a laboratory supply company, but the sheet the company sends has a mass of
Which circuit in Figure P32.25 produces the greatest current in the emitter?Data from Figure P32.25 A B n-type p-type n-type n-type p-type n-type C n-type p-type n-type HHHHH
The two transistors in Figure P32.26 are connected to each other by wires and also connected to input wires at terminals \(\mathrm{A}\) and \(\mathrm{B}\). The output of this combination depends on
Is the light bulb in Figure P32.27 lit?Data from Figure P32.27 (e)
The rectifier shown in Figure P32.28 converts the alternating emf from an \(\mathrm{AC}\) source to a positive-only potential difference from a to \(\mathrm{b}\). Sketch graphs showing \((a)\) the
The circuit diagram for a rectifier is sometimes drawn with a resistor in the center. Would the rectifier function if this resistor were replaced by a capacitor?
The logic gate in Figure P32.30 contains four field-effect transistors. Each of the gates A-D of the transistors may be positively biased ( \(\mathrm{Y}\) in the table) or not ( \(\mathrm{N}\) in the
You have two regions, A and B, of differently doped silicon, with the regions joined together to make a continuous silicon crystal. When the positive terminal of a battery is connected to region
Suppose a transistor consists of a very narrow \(p\)-type material sandwiched between two very wide regions of \(n\)-type material.(a) Is the charge on the \(p\)-type region positive or negative, and
In Figure P32.33, what combinations of positive bias (input signals) A, B, C, D allow the light bulb to light up?Data from Figure P32.33 A B OR JOR AND D
If in Figure P32.33 the two gates on the left were both AND and the gate on the right was OR, what combinations of positive bias (input signals) A, B, C, D would allow the light bulb to light up?Data
You are using the logic gate of Figure P32.35 to test some transistors and emf sources. The output produced by the logic gate depends on the potential relative to ground at inputs A and B. The only
What is the reactance of a \(50.0-\mathrm{mH}\) inductor when connected to an \(\mathrm{AC}\) current source that has a frequency of \(120 \mathrm{~Hz}\) ?
The reactance of a \(30.0-\mu \mathrm{F}\) capacitor is \(X_{C}=1.0 \times 10^{4} \Omega\). What is the angular frequency of the current through the capacitor?
For the circuit shown in Figure P32.38, what must the frequency \(f\) of the \(\mathrm{AC}\) source be in order for the amplitude \(V_{C}\) of the potential difference across the capacitor to equal
A capacitor for which \(\mathrm{C}=10 \mathrm{mF}\) is connected across an AC source. The source emf is given by \(\mathscr{E}=\mathscr{E}_{\max } \sin \omega t\), with \(\varepsilon_{\max }=5.0
An inductor for which \(L=10 \mathrm{mH}\) is connected to an \(\mathrm{AC}\) source. The source emf is given by \(\mathscr{E}=\mathscr{E}_{\max } \sin \omega t\), with \(\mathscr{E}_{\max }=5.0
Figure P32.41 shows resistors \(R_{1}=30.0 \Omega\) and \(R_{2}=\) \(10.0 \Omega\) connected in parallel to an \(\mathrm{AC}\) source. (a) If the maximum current in the circuit is \(2.03
You must use a resistor, a capacitor, or an inductor to fill a gap in a circuit. You want to have as much current as possible through this circuit element to ensure that it can be easily detected.
A device is connected to a \(60.0-\mathrm{Hz} \mathrm{AC}\) source for which the emf is given by \(\mathscr{E}=\mathscr{E}_{\max } \sin (\omega t)\). If after \(5.00 \mathrm{~ms}\) the current is
A resistor for which \(R=60.0 \Omega\) is connected to an \(\mathrm{AC}\) source. The source emf is given by \(\mathscr{E}=\mathscr{E}_{\max } \sin \left(\omega t+\phi_{i}\right)\), where
In the parallel circuit of Figure P32.45, the current amplitude is the same through the inductor branch, the capacitor branch, and the resistor branch. If \(L=\) \(20.0 \mathrm{mH}\) and
A circuit contains a \(1.00 \times 10^{3}-\Omega\) resistor and a \(5.00 \times 10^{2}-\mathrm{mH}\) inductor in series. What is the impedance of the circuit when a \(1.00-\mathrm{kHz} \mathrm{AC}\)
In an RLC series circuit driven by an AC source, the amplitude of the potential difference across the inductor is \(29.0 \mathrm{~V}\) and that across the capacitor is \(13.0 \mathrm{~V}\). If the
An \(R C\) series circuit consists of an \(\mathrm{AC}\) source, a \(6.00-\mathrm{mF}\) capacitor, and a 20. 0- \(\Omega\) resistor. If the source emf is given by \(\mathscr{E}=\mathscr{E}_{\max }
A circuit consists of an AC source wired in series to a \(1000-\Omega\) resistor and a \(1.00-\mu \mathrm{F}\) capacitor. For a source emf amplitude \(\mathscr{E}_{\max }=35.0 \mathrm{~V}\),
A circuit consists of an AC source, for which \(\mathscr{E}_{\max }=\) \(18 \mathrm{~V}\), in series with a \(1200-\Omega\) resistor and a capacitor. If the amplitude of the potential difference
A 120-V AC source has a frequency of \(60.0 \mathrm{~Hz}\) and produces the same maximum current in two series circuits. Each circuit contains a \(100-\Omega\) resistor. Circuit 1 contains a
You need a filter circuit to eliminate a \(60-\mathrm{Hz}\) signal and lower frequencies. The load you are trying to drive has a resistance of \(50 \Omega\). You decide to design a low-pass filter
(a) Construct a phasor diagram for the circuit shown in Figure P32.53. (b) What is the phase constant if \(\mathrm{C}_{1}=1.00 \mu \mathrm{F}, \mathrm{C}_{2}=3.00 \mu \mathrm{F}, R_{1}=200 \Omega,
A loudspeaker has a resistance of \(8.00 \Omega\). If you connect it in series with a \(10.0-\mathrm{mH}\) inductor, what percentage of the original maximum current are you going to get for a sound
In the circuit shown in Figure P32.55, the current amplitude through the \(R L\) branch is the same as that through the \(R C\) branch. If \(R=10.0 \Omega\) and \(C=50.0 \mu \mathrm{F}\), and the
In an \(R C\) series circuit consisting of a \(20.0-\Omega\) resistor, a \(300-\mu \mathrm{F}\) capacitor, and an AC source, the source frequency is \(150 \mathrm{~s}^{-1}\). If the current has its
A \(200-\mathrm{Hz}\) power source in a series \(R L C\) circuit applies an AC potential difference that has an amplitude of \(60 \mathrm{~V}\). The current amplitude is \(1.0 \mathrm{~A}\), and the
In the circuit shown in Figure P32.60, \(8=8_{\max } \sin \omega t\) and \(\omega=100 \mathrm{~s}^{-1}\). If \(R=20.0 \Omega, R_{C}=18.0 \Omega\), and \(R_{L}=15.0 \Omega\), what must the values of
An \(R L C\) circuit consists of a \(20-\mu \mathrm{F}\) capacitor, a \(300-\Omega\) resistor, and a \(50-\mathrm{mH}\) inductor connected in series with an \(A C\) source. What is the resonant
A \(6.00-\mathrm{mH}\) solenoid is connected in series with a \(1.0-\mu \mathrm{F}\) capacitor and an AC source. The solenoid has internal resistance \(3.0 \Omega\), which can be treated as a series
A circuit contains an electromagnet that can be modeled as an inductor of inductance \(0.80 \mathrm{H}\) in series with a resistance of \(0.50 \Omega\). If you want to add a capacitor in series with
A series RLC circuit is driven by an AC source at resonance. The resistor has a resistance of \(R=10 \Omega\), and the AC source has an emf amplitude of \(\mathscr{E}_{\max }=12 \mathrm{~V}\). What
An \(R L C\) series circuit initially has resonant angular frequency \(\omega_{0 \mathrm{i}}\). Circuit elements are then changed such that both the capacitive reactance and the inductive reactance
An \(R L C\) series circuit has \(X_{C}=X_{L}=R\). When the circuit is operating at resonance, the current amplitude is 1. 0 A. When the angular frequency of the current is doubled, what is the new
An inductor resonates at \(4.08 \times 10^{4} \mathrm{~s}^{-1}\) when placed in series with a \(2.00-\mu \mathrm{F}\) capacitor. When driven at that resonant angular frequency, an AC source for which
In Figure P32.68, \(\mathrm{C}_{1}=1.00 \mu \mathrm{F}, \mathrm{C}_{2}=2.00 \mu \mathrm{F}\), and \(L=\) \(47.0 \mathrm{mH}\). Which circuit has the lower resonant angular frequency, and what is that
An RLC series circuit contains an AC source of emf for which \(\mathscr{E}_{\max }=30.0 \mathrm{~V}\), a \(5.00-\Omega\) resistor, a \(4.00-\mathrm{mH}\) inductor, and an \(8.00-\mu \mathrm{F}\)
An RLC series circuit has a \(350-\mathrm{mH}\) inductor and a \(25.0-\Omega\) resistor connected to a \(50.0-\mathrm{Hz} \mathrm{AC}\) power source, and a variable capacitor. (a) To what capacitance
You want to build an AM radio that uses a series \(R L C\) circuit for tuning. The circuit consists of a \(30.0-\Omega\) resistor, a 15. 0- \(\mu \mathrm{H}\) inductor, and an adjustable capacitor.
The resonant angular frequency is \(\omega_{0}\) in identical \(R L C\) circuits 1 and 2 . Because the power delivered by the source at resonance is too high, you reduce the angular frequency of the
An RLC circuit consists of a \(200-\Omega\) resistor, a \(300-\mu \mathrm{F}\) capacitor, and a \(3.00-\mathrm{H}\) inductor. The circuit is connected to a power outlet that has a peak emf of \(170
A toaster oven has a resistive heating element. The average rate at which it dissipates energy as thermal energy is \(1.00 \mathrm{~kW}\). In the United States, emf amplitude in household circuits is
An AC power line has a current amplitude of \(4.00 \mathrm{~A}\) and a resistance of \(0.500 \Omega\). At what average rate is energy lost from the line? (Assume a zero phase angle.)
For household electrical outlets in the United States, the root-mean-square value of the source emf is \(120 \mathrm{~V}\). (a) For a hair dryer rated at \(1875 \mathrm{~W}\), what are the
In the first \(100.0 \mathrm{~ms}\) after the switch on an RLC circuit is closed, the resistor dissipates \(5.005 \mathrm{~J}\) of energy. In the first \(200.0 \mathrm{~ms}\), the resistor dissipates
For the circuit of Problem 69, what is the average rate at which energy is delivered by the source when the circuit is operated at the resonant frequency? When it is operated at \(1.00 \mathrm{kHz}\)
An \(R L C\) series circuit containing a \(6.00-\mathrm{mH}\) inductor, a \(100-\Omega\) resistor, a \(4.00-\mu \mathrm{F}\) capacitor, and an \(\mathrm{AC}\) source for which \(\mathscr{E}_{\max
A \(120-\mathrm{V}\) AC circuit has a \(20.0-\Omega\) resistor connected in series to a capacitor for which the capacitive reactance is \(X_{C}=35.0 \Omega\). (a) What is the phase constant? (b) What
An \(R L C\) series circuit containing a \(5.0-\Omega\) resistor, a \(15-\mathrm{mH}\) inductor, and a \(10-\mathrm{mF}\) capacitor is driven at a frequency of \(8.0 \mathrm{~Hz}\) by an
You need to design a power cable to connect an energystorage facility located at the ocean shore to a wind turbine farm \(2 \mathrm{~km}\) offshore (Figure P32.82). The farm can deliver energy at an
Sketch the phasor diagram for \(v_{C}, v_{L}\), and the instantaneous current for the circuit shown in Figure P32.84 at an arbitrary instant \(t eq 0\). If the potential difference across the
A capacitor is connected to an AC source. Sketch a graph showing how the current amplitude changes as you increase the \(\mathrm{AC}\) angular frequency.
Can a diode control anything other than the direction of current?
(a) What are the four possible combinations for input at \(A\) and \(B\) in an AND logic gate? (See Problem 30 regarding \(\mathrm{Y} / \mathrm{N}\) terminology for input.) What is the output for
A solenoid can be treated as an \(R L\) series circuit. If such a solenoid driven by a \(60-\mathrm{Hz}, 15-\mathrm{V}\) AC source has an inductance of \(6.0 \mathrm{mH}\) and a resistance of \(3.0
A series circuit consisting of an AC source, a 100- \(\Omega\) resistor, and a \(1.00-\mu \mathrm{F}\) capacitor has an impedance of \(1330 \Omega\). (a) What is the source frequency? (b) What is the
An \(R L C\) series circuit containing a \(20.0-\Omega\) resistor, a \(30.0-\mathrm{mH}\) inductor, and a \(300-\mu \mathrm{F}\) capacitor is driven by an \(\mathrm{AC}\) source at a very high
In the circuit shown in Figure P32.91, the AC source oscillates at \(60 \mathrm{~Hz}\) and its emf is given by \(\mathscr{E}=\) \(\mathscr{E}_{\max } \sin (2 \pi f t)\), where \(\mathscr{E}_{\max
What happens with the light bulb shown in Figure P32.92 as you increase the frequency of the \(\mathrm{AC}\) source?Data from Figure P32.92 (e) C
A diode clipper is a circuit used to eliminate extremes in input potential. If the graph in Figure P32.93 represents input potential as a function of time for the circuit shown, sketch a graph
Figure P32.94 shows, for an AC circuit, the instantaneous current through a circuit element and the potential difference across the element. What can you determine about the element?Data from Figure
Your boss has purchased a new AC power source to run a high-voltage, low-current display, but it is not working. While he is fuming, you look at the owner's manual and discover that this power source
The circuit in Figure P32.96 represents your planned design for a wall power supply that will run a radio that usually runs on a 9-V battery. The power supply uses a transformer (not shown) to
The research laboratory you work in is less than a block away from the transmitting antenna of a radio station that broadcasts at \(1100 \mathrm{kHz}\). You notice that every piece of equipment in
At the instant shown in Figure 32. 40 , the potential difference across the capacitor is half its maximum value and the charge on the plates is increasing. Draw the direction of the current and
Construct a phasor diagram representing the current and potential difference in Figure 32. 10 at \(t=T / 4, T / 2\), and \(3 T / 4\).Data from Figure 32.10 Ve maximum, current zero Ve minimum,

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