1. The motivations of working-class Americans appear to differ from those of upper-middle- class Americans in what way?

a. Working-class Americans, but not upper-middle-class Americans, prefer to not choose their own pens rather than be able to choose them.

b. Working-class Americans, but not upper-middle-class Americans, like a pen they didn't choose about as much as a pen they did choose. Working-class Americans prefer fewer pen choices than upper-middle-class Americans.

d. Working-class Americans prefer choices about their efforts, whereas upper-middle- class Americans prefer choices about their lifestyle.

e. None of the above.