3. What is the argument for why West Africans are more concerned about enemies than are North Americans?

a. Africa is a more physically dangerous environment than North America, so any harmful behaviors of enemies are potentially more dangerous to the individual

b. Africans have more of a prevention orientation than North Americans. North Americans only create relationships if they stand to benefit from them, and enemies are not a benefit to them.

d. North Americans are more self-enhancing and are convinced that everyone loves them. Even though people often have enemies, they incorrectly perceive them to be their friends..

e. None of the above.