Research has shown that a dog will respond with learned helplessness if it has received repeated shocks

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Research has shown that a dog will respond with learned helplessness if it has received repeated shocks and has had the opportunity to escape.

no control over the shocks.

pain or discomfort.

no food or water prior to the shocks.

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Psychology In Everyday Life

ISBN: 9781319101039

Fourth Edition

Authors: David G. Myers, C. Nathan DeWall

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