You are planning an experiment on anagrams (scrambled words). You want to test whether different scramble patterns lead to different solution rates. For instance, the letter order 54321 might be easier to solve than 41352 (12345 represents the actual word). You want to use the same words in all conditions so that the type of word will not be a confounding variable. People solve anagrams at different rates, so you are thinking about using a within-subjects design.

a. If you use a within-subjects design for this experiment, will you have to worry about order effects? Why or why not?

b. Review the four counterbalancing tech- niques (reverse counterbalancing, block randomization, complete, and partial) for handling order effects discussed in this chapter. Which would help you most in this experiment? Why?

c. What are carryover effects? Would they be a problem in this experiment? How would you handle them?