1. 2. 3. One of your portfolio managers, Rajesh Gupta, has recently complained that by measuring risk-adjusted returns using the Sharpe ratio, he is placed at an unfair disadvantage. He has stated flatly that the standard deviation of his portfolio returns is artificially inflated. Explain how this can be true, and offer a potential solution to the problem. [5 Marks] Portfolio X delivered 20.0% annual returns on average over the past 48 months. Its average annual volatility as measured by standard deviation was 13.0%, and its downside volatility as measured by target semi-standard deviation was 9.0%. Assuming the target rate of return is 4.0% per year, determine the Sortino ratio of portfolio X. What does it mean? [5 Marks] Consider the following quarterly performance of Portfolio X and Y: Quarters Return of Portfolio X Return of Portfolio Y 1 11% 9% 2 15% 13% 3 18% 16% 4 (5%) 8% 5 21% 17% 6 3% 12% 7 13% 8% 8 (7%) 5% Calculate the TWROR of each of the portfolios. Which portfolio provide the best? Why? Differentiate between TWROR and MWROR. [10 Marks]