1. According to Leedy and Ormrod (2013), what is the best way to prepare literature reviews? Report what other people have done. Evaluate, organize, and synthesize what others have done. Summarize what other people have done. Restate what other people have done. 1. What is the purpose of a literature review? To compare your results to the results of others. To demonstrate that you are not copying someone else's study. To present a thorough understanding of the current literature related to your research problem. To present the methodology for your study. 1. According to Leedy and Ormrod (2013), what is a general rule for including quotations in a literature review? Use as many quotations as you can. Use only one quotation per research report. Use one quotation for every resource listed in the reference listing. Use quotations only when you have a very good reason. 1. What is an ex post facto design? A research design that does not meet the minimum qualifications of a valid and reliable experiment A research design for examining phenomena in a natural setting and the complexities of those phenomena A research design that does meet the minimum qualifications of a valid and reliable experiment A research design occurring after the fact, and allowing researchers to examine relationships among past events and other variables 1. Which of the following is an example of a confounding variable in a study examining the setup time for two different water systems? Using qualitative methods when it should be a quantitative study. Manipulating the dependent variable. The design of PPE and how it might cause firefighters to maneuver slowly. The fact that both systems were tested in an urban environment. 1. What is a focus group? The core questions within a questionnaire A group of high-performing intellectuals conducting a research experiment The same as a sample population-the important participants An opportunity for a researcher to discuss a particular issue with a small group of participants 1. Why would a researcher want to conduct a meta-analysis? To examine the consistency and relevancy of replicated studies for the purposes of providing additional credibility and support for causation. To look for additional participants. To gain credibility with the IRB. To control for both prejudice and bias. 1. What is qualitative research? A research design which significantly controls for confounding variables to increase the study's validity A research design for examining phenomena in a natural setting and the complexities of those phenomena A research design that does not control for all of the confounding variables A research design occurring after the fact, and allowing researchers to examine relationships among past events and other variables 1. What is the difference between the experimental group and the control group? The control group usually does not receive the treatment while the experimental group does receive the treatment. The control group receives the treatment and the experimental group always receives a placebo. The control group monitors the experimental group during an experiment. The control group enforces regulations while the experimental group challenges regulations 1. What is the difference between a case study and a phenomenological study? A case study examines law practices while phenomenological studies examine geographic erosion. A case study examines an individual, program, unit, or event for a specified period of time, while a phenomenological study examines the perspectives and understanding of people in certain situations. A case study examines the habits of travelers while phenomenological studies examine programs for a specified period of time. A case study examines top priority cases of animal behavior while phenomenological studies examine successful birth rates. 1. What is ethnography? Examining negative ethical behavior from a distance and for short periods of time Examining an entire group sharing common cultural characteristics Examining an individual, unit, program, or event for a specified period of time Examining one firefighter throughout an entire career 1. What is an experimental design? A research design which significantly controls for confounding variables to increase the study's validity A research design for examining phenomena in a natural setting and the complexities of those phenomena A research design that does not control for all of the confounding variables A research design occurring after the fact, and allowing researchers to examine relationships among past events and other variables 1. What is a quasi-experimental design? A research design that does not meet the minimum qualifications of a valid and reliable experiment A research design for examining phenomena in a natural setting and the complexities of those phenomena A research design that does not control for all of the confounding variables A research design occurring after the fact, and allowing researchers to examine relationships among past events and other variables 1. Match the following terms with the appropriate item. - One-shot experimental case study A . A pretest-posttest design with the addition of two groups who do not receive a pretest. - One-group pretest-posttest design B . Participants are not randomly assigned and two groups are observedonce before the treatment is administered to the experimental group and once after. - Static group comparison - Pretest-posttest control group design C . An experimental group receives the treatment and the control group does not. Then, each group is observed after the treatment is administered. - Solomon four-group design - Posttest-only control group design D . A quasi-experimental design with one group, a series of observations occur, then a treatment is administered or other new dynamic, and then additional observations occur. - Within-subjects design E. - Subjects within one group serve as the experimental group and the control group since they are observed with and without the treatment. Nonrandomized control group pretestposttest design - Simple time-series design - Control group, time series design F. An experimental design with random assignment of groups, the treatment is administered to the experimental group and not the control group, and then each group is observed. G . An experimental group and control group are observed, the treatment is administered to the experimental group, and then both groups are observed again. H . Like the Simple time series design while including two groupsexperimental and control. I. A single group is observed prior to manipulating the independent variable, the treatment is administered, and the group is observed posttreatment. J. Possibly the most primitive form of experiment while being considered research