1

Four competing philosophies (orientations/eras) strongly influence the role of marketing and

marketing activities within an organization. Name and briefly describe each of these four

philosophies/orientations/eras

2.

Using the personal value equation, provide an example of how value is achieved for a

consumer. Give also an example.

3.

What is positioning? Explain why a company may need to position its product(s).

4.

Explain why marketers must consider their macro-environment when they make decisions

5.

What is the difference between consumer value and consumer satisfaction? Give an example