18. The foundations of national government changed dramatically after what war? _______

19. Affirmative action, in terms of public administration allows for

1. 1. a. Women and minorities to seek employment in public service.
   2. b. Employees of public agencies to be more representative.
   3. c. Employees to keep their jobs for the long term.
   4. d. A and B only.
   5. e. All of the above.

20. All of the following are reasons for enforcing ethics in public organizations except

a. Enhancing employee effectiveness.

b. Improving morale.

c. Better community relations.

d. Increased profit.

21. Among the new assumptions about government are all of the following except

a. taxpayers are less willing to approve tax increases.

b. programs are better administered at the state and local levels.

c. public managers are overpaid.

d. government cannot do anything right.

22. Which of the following changes in public personnel management was not affected by the Bush administrations actions during Bushs first term as president?

a. Collective bargaining

b. Performance appraisal

c. Attempted restructuring of the basic pay system

Senior Executive Service staffing

23. Modern public administration is expected to simultaneously optimize all of the following except

a. accountability.

b. efficiency.

c. public participation and representativeness.

d. weak leadership.

24. Which of the following presidents was called upon regularly to exercise leadership in times of severe economic and military crisis?

a. Gerald Ford

b. Franklin D. Roosevelt

c. Dwight D. Eisenhower

d. Jimmy Carter

25. What leadership instrument available to the president and most governors is particularly useful as a source of budgetary influence?

a. Information resources

b. Veto power

c. Personnel selection

d. All of the above

26. Common to all strong chief executives are all of the following leadership resources except

a. An important role in budget making.

b. Party and legislative support.

c. The power to impound funds.

d. Strong staff resources.