3. A surfer is about to attempt to ride the biggest wave she has ever seen. Her heart is pounding with fear, and she is not sure if she can make it without wiping out, but she attempts to ride the wave anyway. Explain this behavior in terms of the following theories of motivation and emotion. 

a. Achievement motive 

b. Arousal theory 

C. Maslow's hierarchy of needs 

d. Cannon-Bard thalamic theory 

e. Opponent process theory