a. Is the design effect of a clustered element sample likely to be larger or smaller than one?

b. Is the design effect of a stratified element sample likely to be larger or smaller than one?

c. In a single stage clustered sample, if within a cluster a variable has nearly the same value for all elements within the cluster, what value will the intraclass correlation be close to?

d. For a single-stage clustered sample, the intraclass correlation for a key variable is 0.016 and a cluster size is 10. Calculate the design effect for the mean of that key variable.

e. What does the design effect in part d mean?