At the Kanosh Company last year all sales were for cash and all expenses were paid in cash. The tax rate was 40%. If the after-tax net cash inflow from these operations last year was $18,000, and if the total before-tax cash sales were $62,000, then the total before-tax cash expenses must have been: 1) $27,000. 2) $32,000. 3) $44,000. 4) $15,000